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Wind Impact on Single Vortices and Counterrotating Vortex Pairs in Ground Proximity

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Abstract

Wall-resolved large eddy simulations are employed to investigate the behaviour of wake vortices and single vortices in ground proximity at a variety of wind conditions. The six considered strengths of wind, ranging between 0.5 and 4 times the initial wake vortex descent speed, w 0, include practically and theoretically significant wind speeds. A crosswind of 0.5 w 0 may lead to windward stall posing a potential hazard to subsequently landing aircraft, whereas theoretical considerations predict that at 4 w 0 the rebound of the luff vortex is completely suppressed. The same range of wind speeds is also used to investigate the effects of headwind and diagonal wind in order to discriminate between effects of environmental turbulence increasing with wind speed and the direction of the wind shear. The study has been complemented by a number of single vortex computations in order to differentiate between effects related to the mutual interaction of the vortex pair and the individual vortices with the turbulent boundary layer flow. It is shown that vortex ascent, descent, rebound and decay characteristics are controlled by (i) the interaction of the vortices with secondary vorticity detaching from the ground, (ii) the redistribution of vorticity of the boundary layer which is altering the path of the primary vortices by mutual velocity induction, and (iii) the interaction of the vortices with the environmental turbulence.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Prof. M. Manhart for the provision of the original version of the LES code MGLET. The provision of computation time on the supercomputer SuperMUC at the Leibniz-Rechenzentrum (LRZ) is gratefully acknowledged. The work was funded by the German Aerospace Research Center (DLR) projects Wetter & Fliegen and L-bows.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, 82234, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany

    Frank Holzäpfel, Nikola Tchipev & Anton Stephan

  2. Department of Informatics, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany

    Nikola Tchipev

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  1. Frank Holzäpfel
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Correspondence to Frank Holzäpfel.

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Holzäpfel, F., Tchipev, N. & Stephan, A. Wind Impact on Single Vortices and Counterrotating Vortex Pairs in Ground Proximity. Flow Turbulence Combust 97, 829–848 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10494-016-9729-2

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