Abstract
Due to the large parameter space that is involved in the design of synthetic-jet actuators used for flow separation control, it is essential to develop low-dimensional models for actuator-performance prediction and establish the conditions for design optimisation so that candidate actuators can be identified at the initial design stage. In Part 2 of this paper, three low-dimensional models that are capable of predicting actuator performance for synthetic jet actuators of different scales are described. Using these models the parametric relationships required for optimising the actuator performance are established. Finally, based on a better understanding of the fluid mechanics of synthetic jets (described in Part 1) and the improved modelling capacity, a methodology for designing synthetic-jet actuators used for flow separation control at full-scale flight conditions is developed. This methodology is illustrated in the design of actuators for delaying flow separation on the leading and trailing edge devices of a multi-element high-lift system of a typical commercial-aircraft wing at take-off conditions.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Rathnasingham, R., Breuer, K.S.: Coupled fluid-structural characteristics of actuators for flow control. AIAA J. 35(5), 832–837 (1997)
Lockerby, D.A., Carpenter, P.W., Davies, C.: Numerical simulation of the interaction of microactuators and boundary layers. AIAA J. 40(1), 67–73 (2002)
Lockerby, D.A., Carpenter, P.W.: Modelling and design of microjet actuators. AIAA J. 42(2), 220–227 (2004)
McCormick, D.C.: Boundary layer separation control with directed synthetic jets. AIAA Pap. 2000–0519 (2000)
Gallas, Q., Holman, R., Nishida, T., Carroll B., Sheplak, M., Cattafesta, L.: Lumped element modelling of piezoelectric-driven synthetic-jet actuators. AIAA J. 41(2), 240–247 (2003)
Gallas, Q., Holman, R., Raju, R., Mittal, R., Sheplak, M., Cattafesta, L.: Low dimensional modelling of zero-net mass-flux actuators. AIAA Pap. 2004–2413 (2004)
Glezer, A.: The formation of vortex rings. Phys. Fluids 31(12), 3532–3542 (1988)
Tang, H., Zhong, S.: Development of a prediction model for synthetic jets in quiescent conditions. AIAA Pap. 2005–0104 (2005)
Tang, H., Zhong, S.: 2D numerical study of circular synthetic jets in quiescent conditions. Aeronaut. J. 109(1092), 89–97 (2005)
Timoshenko, S., Woinowsky-Kreger, S. (ed.): Theory of Plates and Shells, 2nd edn. McGraw-Hill, London, pp 67–69 (1999)
De Silva, C.W.: Vibration Fundamentals and Practice. CRC, Florida (2000)
Jabbal, M., Wu, J., Zhong, S.: The performance of round synthetic jets in quiescent flow. Aeronaut. J. 110(1108), 385–393 (2006)
Tang, H., Zhong, S.: Incompressible flow model for synthetic jets actuators. AIAA J. 44(4), 908–912 (2006)
Guo, F., Zhong, S.: A comparison of the characteristics of micro-scale and macro-scale synthetic jets. AIAA Pap. 2006–3183 (2006)
Tang, H., Zhong, S.: Modelling of the characteristics of synthetic-jet actuators. AIAA Pap. 2005–4748 (2005)
Kinsler, L.E., Frey, A.R., Coppens, A.B., Sanders, J.V.: Fundamentals of Acoustics, 3rd edn. Wiley, New York, pp 225–228 (1982)
Tang, H.: Performance modelling of synthetic jet actuators for flow separation control, PhD thesis, School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester (2006)
Beranek, L.L. (ed.): Acoustics, 1st edn. McGraw-Hill, London, pp 116–128 (1954)
Tang, H., Zhong, S.: Lumped element modelling of synthetic jet actuators. AIAA Pap. 2006–3696 (2006)
Lockerby, D.A., Carpenter, P.W., Davies, C.: Is Helmholtz resonance a problem for micro-jet actuators? Flow Turbul. Combust. (2007) doi: 10.1007/s10494-006-9056-0
Gomes, L., Crowther, W.J., Wood, N.J.: Towards a practical piezoceramic diaphragm based synthetic jet actuator for high subsonic applications – effect of excitation amplitude and frequency on effectiveness and efficiency. Paper 122. In: IUTAM Symposium on Flow control and MEMS, London, UK, Sep (2006)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tang, H., Zhong, S., Jabbal, M. et al. Towards the Design of Synthetic-jet Actuators for Full-scale Flight Conditions. Flow Turbulence Combust 78, 309–329 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10494-006-9061-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10494-006-9061-3