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Tick control practices in Burkina Faso and acaricide resistance survey in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) geigyi (Acari: Ixodidae)

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Abstract

Traditional systems account for 95 % of the livestock produced in Burkina Faso. Tick infestation hampers livestock productivity in this area. However, little information exists on tick-control practices used by livestock farmers. We interviewed 60 stockbreeders working in traditional farming systems to obtain the first data on tick-control practices. Sixteen farmers (27 %) did not use conventional practices: seven removed ticks by hand or plastered cattle with dung or engine oil; nine farmers treated cattle with crop pesticides. Forty-four farmers (73 %) used mainly synthetic pyrethroids (SP; either alphacypermethrin or deltamethrin in 20 and 18 farms, respectively) and occasionally amitraz (N = 6). Intervals between treatments varied significantly depending on the chemical used: most farmers using crop pesticides (100 %), amitraz (100 %) or alphacypermethrin (80 %) adjusted tick-control to tick-burden, whereas farmers using deltamethrin tended more to follow a tick-control schedule. Perception of tick-control effectiveness significantly varied among practices: tick-control failures were more frequently reported by farmers using alphacypermethrin (55 %) than by those using either other conventional acaricides (17 %) or crop pesticides (0 %). We investigated whether this could indicate actual development of SP-resistance in cattle ticks. First, using the larval packet test technique, we confirmed that the computation of LC50 and LC90 was repeatable and remained stable across generations of the Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) geigyi Houndé laboratory strain. We then collected from the field fully-engorged female R. geigyi to evaluate the SP-resistance relative to the Houndé reference strain. We did not detect any case of SP-resistance in the field-derived R. geigyi ticks.

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Acknowledgments

Funding for this work was provided by the French Government through the Fonds de Solidarité Prioritaire (FSP) under contract no 2000-113. We thank the Burkina Faso Veterinary Services for tick collection assistance, Sébastien Zoungrana and Maurice Konkobo for laboratory assistance. Special thanks to Dr. Lesley Bell-Sakyi, Dr. Peter Willadsen and Dr. Maxime Madder for their valuable and useful comments on the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. URBIO, Centre international de recherche-développement sur l’élevage en zone subhumide (CIRDES), CIRDES N° 559, rue 5-31 angle avenue du Gouverneur Louveau, 01, B.P. 454, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

    Hassane Adakal

  2. UMR15, Centre de coopération en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), CIRAD, UMR15, Contrôle des maladies, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France

    Frédéric Stachurski

  3. Maladies Infectieuses & Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution, Contrôle (MIVEGEC; UMR 5290), CNRS-IRD-Université Montpellier I, Université Montpellier II; UR-224, Campus IRD, 911 avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France

    Christine Chevillon

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  1. Hassane Adakal
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  2. Frédéric Stachurski
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  3. Christine Chevillon
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Correspondence to Hassane Adakal.

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Adakal, H., Stachurski, F. & Chevillon, C. Tick control practices in Burkina Faso and acaricide resistance survey in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) geigyi (Acari: Ixodidae). Exp Appl Acarol 59, 483–491 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-012-9610-5

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