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Ophiostomatoid fungi associated with mangroves in South Africa, including Ophiostoma palustre sp. nov.

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Abstract

Mangrove trees are continuously under stress due to environmental and/or anthropogenic pressures, which expose them to attack by pathogens, compromising their survival. Ophiostomatoid fungi cause sap stain and diseases of a wide spectrum of tree species globally. These fungi infect trees through natural, insect, animal and/or human made wounds. During routine surveys of mangrove trees in South Africa, wounds on branches and stems of Avicennia marina were regularly monitored for the presence of ophiostomatoid fungi at ten study sites in the country. The stems of four mangrove species, A. marina, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Rhizophora mucronata and Barringtonia racemosa were also wounded and evaluated for the appearance of these fungi. Ophiostomatoid fungi were obtained from the mangrove associate B. racemosa, but not from any of the true mangroves. Analyses of DNA sequence data for the internal transcribed spacer, β-tubulin, calmodulin and translation elongation factor gene regions revealed that the fungi isolated from the wounds on B. racemosa belong to three species in the Ophiostomataceae, including a new taxon described here as Ophiostoma palustre sp. nov. These results suggest that the mangrove associate B. racemosa is more prone to colonization by ophiostomatoid fungi than the true mangroves.

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Acknowledgments

This work was financially supported by the Department of Science and Technology (DST) and National Research Foundation (NRF) Center of Excellence in Tree Health Biotechnology (CTHB). We thank Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife (EKZNW), the Isimangaliso Wetland Park and the Eastern Cape Parks & Tourism Agency (ECPTA) for sampling permits as well as their members for assistance in the field. The material was collected under EKZNW permits No. OP 4776, OP 1457 and the ECPTA–RA 00119. We gratefully acknowledge Dr. Hugh Glen for assistance in providing an appropriate species name for the novel taxon. We also acknowledge the fellow post-graduate students at the Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria and Dr. Riikka Linakoski (University of Helsinki) for their help during the field work.

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  1. Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Tree Health Biotechnology (CTHB), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa

    J. Alexander Osorio, Z. Wilhelm De Beer & Michael J. Wingfield

  2. Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Tree Health Biotechnology (CTHB), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa

    Jolanda Roux

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  1. J. Alexander Osorio
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Osorio, J.A., De Beer, Z.W., Wingfield, M.J. et al. Ophiostomatoid fungi associated with mangroves in South Africa, including Ophiostoma palustre sp. nov.. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 109, 1555–1571 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-016-0757-7

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