Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

On the reclassification of species assigned to Candida and other anamorphic ascomycetous yeast genera based on phylogenetic circumscription

  • Inivited Review
  • Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 80th Anniversary Issue
  • Published:
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Multigene phylogenies have been instrumental in revising the classification of ascosporic (teleomorph) yeasts in a natural system based on lines of descent. Although many taxonomic changes have already been implemented for teleomorph taxa, this is not yet the case for the large genus Candida and smaller anascosporic (anamorph) genera. In view of the recently introduced requirement that a fungal species or higher taxon be assigned only a single valid name under the new International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code), the current species of Candida and other anamorph yeast genera must undergo revision to make genus membership consistent with phylogenetic affinities. A review of existing data and analyses shows that certain Candida species may be assigned to teleomorph genera with high confidence using multigene phylogenies. Candida species that form well-circumscribed phylogenetic clades without any teleomorph member justify the creation of new genera. However, a considerable number of Candida species sit at the end of isolated and often long branches, and hence cannot be assigned to larger species groups. They should be maintained in Candida sensu lato until studied by multigene analyses in datasets with comprehensive taxon sampling. The principle of name stability has to be honoured to the largest extent compatible with a natural classification of Candida species.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. Spelling corrected according to www.indexfungorum.org

  2. Spelling corrected according to www.indexfungorum.org

  3. Spelling corrected according to www.indexfungorum.org

References

  • Am-In S, Limtong S, Yongmanitchai W, Jindamorakot S (2011) Candida andamanensis sp. nov., Candida laemsonensis sp. nov. and Candida ranongensis sp. nov., anamorphic yeast species isolated from estuarine waters in a Thai mangrove forest. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 61:454–461

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Badotti F, Silva PAB, Mendonça MC, Gomes FCO, Morais PB, Lachance MA, Rosa CA (2013) Wickerhamiella dulcicola sp. nov. and Wickerhamiella cachassae sp. nov., yeasts isolated from cachaca fermentation in Brazil. Int J of Syst Evol Microbiol 63:1169–1173

    Google Scholar 

  • Barbosa AC, Morais CG, Morais PB, Rosa LH, Pimenta RS, Lachance MA, Rosa CA (2012) Wickerhamiella pagnoccae sp. nov. and Candida tocantinsensis sp. nov., two ascomycetous yeasts from flower bracts of Heliconia psittacorum (Heliconiaceae). Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 62:459–464

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Berkhout CM (1923) De Schimmelgeslachten Monilia, Oidium, Oospora en Torula. Thesis, Utrecht

  • Boonmak C, Jindamorakot S, Kawasaki H, Yongmanitchai W, Suwanarit P, Nakase T, Limtong S (2009) Candida siamensis sp. nov., an anamorphic yeast species in the Saturnispora clade isolated in Thailand. FEMS Yeast Res 9:668–672

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Boonmak C, Limtong S, Jindamorakot S, Somjit Am-In, Yongmanitchai W, Suzuki K-I, Nakase T, Kawasaki H (2011) Candida xylanilytica sp. nov., a xylan-degrading yeast species isolated from Thailand. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 61:1230–1234

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Burgaud G, Arzur D, Sampaio JP, Barbier G (2011) Candida oceani sp. nov., a novel yeast isolated from a Mid-Atlantic ridge hydrothermal vent (−2300 meters). Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 100:75–82

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cadete RM, Melo MA, Zilli JE, Vital MJS, Mouro A, Prompt AH, Gomes FCO, Stambuk BU, Lachance MA, Rosa CA (2013) Spathaspora brasiliensis sp. nov., Spathaspora suhii sp. nov., Spathaspora roraimanensis sp. nov. and Spathaspora xylofermentans sp. nov., four novel d-xylose-fermenting yeast species from Brazilian Amazonian forest. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 103:421–431

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cadez N, Smith MTh (2011a) Hanseniaspora Zikes (1912). In: Kurtzman CP, Fell JW, Boekhout T (eds) The yeasts, a taxonomic study, 5th edn. Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, pp 421–434

    Google Scholar 

  • Cadez N, Smith MTh (2011b) Kloeckera Janke (1928). In: Kurtzman CP, Fell JW, Boekhout T (eds) The yeasts, a taxonomic study, 5th edn. Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, pp 1287–1289

    Google Scholar 

  • Cardinali G, Antonielli L, Corte L, Roscini L, Ganter PF (2012) Candida coquimbonensis sp. nov., a link between Australian and Nearctic/Neotropical Phaffomyces. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 62:3067–3071

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cendejas-Bueno E, Kolecka A, Alastruey-Izquierdo A, Theelen B, Groenewald M, Kostrzewa M, Cuenca-Estrella M, Gómez-López A, Boekhout T (2012) Reclassification of the Candida haemulonii complex as Candida haemulonii (C. haemulonii group I), C. duobushaemulonii sp. nov. (C. haemulonii group II), and C. haemulonii var. vulnera var. nov.: three multiresistant human pathogenic yeasts. J Clin Microbiol 50:3641–3651

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chang CF, Lee CF, Liu SM (2010) Candida neustonensis sp. nov., a novel ascomycetous yeast isolated from the sea surface microlayer in Taiwan. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 97:35–40

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chang CF, Lin YC, Chen SF, Carvaja-Barriga EJ, Barahona PP, James SA, Bond CJ, Roberts IN, Lee CF (2012a) Candida theae sp. nov., a new anamorphic beverage-associated member of the Lodderomyces clade. Int J Food Microbiol 153:10–14

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chang CF, Huang LY, Chen SF, Lee CF (2012b) Kloeckera taiwanica sp. nov., an ascomycetous apiculate yeast species isolated from mushroom fruiting bodies. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 62:1434–1437

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chang CF, Liu YR, Chen SF, Naumov GI, Naumova ES, Lee CF (2012c) Five novel species of the anamorphic genus Candida in the Cyberlindnera clade isolated from natural substrates in Taiwan. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 102:9–21

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chaves GM, Terçarioli GR, Padovan ACB, Rosas RC, Ferreira RC, Melo ASA, Colombo AL (2013) Candida mesorugosa sp. nov., a novel yeast species similar to Candida rugosa, isolated from a tertiary hospital in Brazil. Med Mycol 51:231–242

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Crous PW, Gams W, Stalpers JA, Robert V, Stegehuis G (2004) MycoBank: an online initiative to launch mycology into the 21st century. Stud Mycol 50:19–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Daniel HM, Rosa CA, São Thiago-Calaça PS, Antonini Y, Bastos EMAF, Evrard E, Huret S, Fidalgo-Jiménez A, Lachance MA (2013) Starmerella neotropicalis f.a., sp. nov., a yeast species found in bees and pollen. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 63:3896–3903

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • de Hoog GS, Smith MTh (2004) Ribosomal gene phylogeny and species delimitation in Geotrichum and its teleomorphs. Stud Mycol 50:489–515

    Google Scholar 

  • de Hoog GS, Smith MTh (2011a) Geotrichum Link: Fries (1832). In: Kurtzman CP, Fell JW, Boekhout T (eds) The yeasts, a taxonomic study, 5th edn. Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, pp 1279–1286

    Google Scholar 

  • de Hoog GS, Smith MTh (2011b) Saprochaete Coker & Shanor ex D.T.S. In: Kurtzman CP, Fell JW, Boekhout T (eds) The yeasts, a taxonomic study, 5th edn. Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, pp 1317–1325

    Google Scholar 

  • Dlauchy D, Lee C-F, Péter G (2012) Spencermartinsiella ligniputridi sp. nov., a yeast species isolated from rotten wood. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 62:2799–2804

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Duarte FL, Pimentel NH, Teixeira A, Fonseca A (2012) Saccharomyces bacillaris is not a synonym of Candida stellata: reinstatement as Starmerella bacillaris comb. nov. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 102:653–658

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eddouzi J, Hofstetter V, Groenewald M, Manai M, Sanglard D (2013) Characterisation of a new clinical yeast species, Candida tunisiensis sp. nov., isolated from a strain collection from Tunisian hospitals. J Clin Microbiol 51:31–39

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fell JW, Statzell-Tallman A, Scorzetti G, Gutiérrez MH (2011) Five new species of yeasts from fresh water and marine habitats in the Florida Everglades. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 99:533–549

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Flórez AB, Belloch C, Álvarez-Martín P, Querol A, Mayo B (2010) Candida cabralensis sp. nov., a yeast species isolated from traditional Spanish blue-veined Cabrales cheese. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 60:2671–2674

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fonseca Á, Inácio J (2011) Lalaria R.T. Moore emend. Á. Fonseca (2004). In: Kurtzman CP, Fell JW, Boekhout T (eds) The yeasts, a taxonomic study, 5th edn. Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, pp 1291–1298

    Google Scholar 

  • Fonseca Á, Rodrigues MG (2011) Taphrina Fries (1832). In: Kurtzman CP, Fell JW, Boekhout T (eds) The yeasts, a taxonomic study, 5th edn. Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, pp 823–858

    Google Scholar 

  • Groenewald M, Smith MTh (2013) The teleomorph state of Candida deformans Langeron & Guerra and description of Yarrowia yakushimensis comb. nov. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 103:1023–1028

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Groenewald M, Robert V, Smith MTh (2011a) The value of the D1/D2 and internal transcribed spacers (ITS) domains for the identification of yeast species belonging to the genus Yamadazyma. Persoonia 26:40–46

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Groenewald M, Robert V, Smith MT (2011b) Five novel Wickerhamomyces- and Metschnikowia-related yeast species, Wickerhamomyces chaumierensis sp. nov., Candida pseudoflosculorum sp. nov., Candida danieliae sp. nov., Candida robnettiae sp. nov. and Candida eppingiae sp. nov., isolated from plants. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 61:2015–2022

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Groenewald M, Coutinho T, Smith MTh, van der Walt JP (2012) Species reassignment of Geotrichum bryndzae, Geotrichum phurueaensis, Geotrichum silvicola and Geotrichum vulgare based on phylogenetic analyses and mating compatibility. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 62:3072–3080

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Guzmán B, Lachance MA, Herrera CM (2013) Phylogenetic analysis of the angiosperm-floricolous insect-yeast association: have yeast and angiosperm lineages co-diversified? Mol Phylogenet Evol 68:161–175

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hsieh CW, Huang LY, Tschen EFT, Chang CF, Lee CF (2010) Five novel anamorphic, ascomycetous yeast species associated with mushrooms and soil. FEMS Yeast Res 10:948–956

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hui FL, Ke T, Niu QH, Du PC (2012) Candida baotianensis sp. nov., an ascomycetous yeast species from forest soil in China. J Gen Appl Microbiol 58:59–63

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hui FL, Niu QH, Ke T, Li YX, Lee CF (2013) Candida sanyaensis sp. nov., an ascomycetous yeast species isolated from soil. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 103:47–52

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • James SA, Carvajal Barriga EJ, Bond CJ, Cross K, Núñez NC, Portero PB, Roberts IN (2009) Candida carvajalis sp. nov., an ascomycetous yeast species from the Ecuadorian Amazon jungle. FEMS Yeast Res 9:784–788

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • James SA, Barriga EJC, Barahona PP, Cross K, Bond CJ, Roberts IN (2013) Candida ecuadorensis sp. nov., an ascomycetous yeast species found in two separate regions of Ecuador. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 63:393–397

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ji ZH, Jia JH, Bai FY (2009) Four novel Candida species in the Candida albicans/ Lodderomyces elongisporus clade isolated from the gut of flower beetles. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 95:23–32

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jindamorakot S, Am-in S, Thuy TT, Duy ND, Kawasaki H, Potacharoen W, Limtong S, Tanticharoen M, Nakase T (2004) Candida easanensis sp. nov. Candida pattaniensis sp. nov. and Candida nakhonratchasimensis sp. nov., three new species of yeasts isolated from insect frass in Thailand. J Gen Microbiol 50:261–269

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jindamorakot S, Ninomiya S, Limtong S, Yongmanitchai W, Tuntirungkij M, Potacharoen W, Tanaka K, Kawasaki H, Nakase T (2009) Three new species of bipolar budding yeasts of the genus Hanseniaspora and its anamorph Kloeckera isolated in Thailand. FEMS Yeast Res 9:1327–1337

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jindamorakot S, Am-In S, Yukphan P, Yamada Y (2011) Limtongia gen. nov. for Zygozyma smithiae (Lipomycetaceae). Ann Microbiol 61:689–693

    Google Scholar 

  • Jindamorakot S, Yukphan P, Yamada Y (2012) Kockiozyma gen. nov., for Zygozyma suomiensis: the phylogeny of the Lipomycetaceous yeasts. Ann Microbiol 62:1831–1840

    Google Scholar 

  • Junyapate K, Jindamorakot S, Limtong S (2014) Yamadazyma ubonensis f.a., sp. nov., a novel xylitol-producing yeast species isolated in Thailand. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 105:471–480

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kachalkin AV, Yurkov AM (2012) Yeast communities in Sphagnum phyllosphere along the temperature-moisture ecocline in the boreal forest-swamp ecosystem and description of Candida sphagnicola sp. nov. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 102:29–43

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kerrigan J, Smith MTh (2011a) Ascobotryozyma J. Kerrigan & M.Th. Smith. In: Kurtzman CP, Fell JW, Boekhout T (eds) The yeasts, a taxonomic study, 5th edn. Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, pp 319–323

    Google Scholar 

  • Kerrigan J, Smith MTh (2011b) Botryozyma Shann & M.Th. Smith (1992). In: Kurtzman CP, Fell JW, Boekhout T (eds) The yeasts, a taxonomic study, 5th edn. Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, pp 979–982

    Google Scholar 

  • Koowadjanakul N, Jindamorakot S, Yongmanitchai W, Limtong S (2011) Ogataea phyllophila sp. nov., Candida chumphonensis sp. nov. and Candida mattranensis sp. nov., three methylotrophic yeast species from phylloplane in Thailand. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 100:207–217

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kurtzman CP (2001) Six new anamorphic ascomycetous yeasts near Candida tanzawaensis. FEMS Yeast Res 1:177–185

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kurtzman CP (2006) New species and new combinations in the yeast genera Kregervanrija gen.nov., Saturnispora and Candida. FEMS Yeast Research 6:288–297

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kurtzman CP (2007a) Eleven new species of Sugiyamaella and Candida from forest habitats. FEMS Yeast Res 7:1046–1063

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kurtzman CP (2007b) New anamorphic yeast species: Candida infanticola sp. nov., Candida polysorbophila sp. nov., Candida transvaalensis sp. nov. and Trigonopsis californica sp. nov. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 92:221–231

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kurtzman CP (2011) Discussion of teleomorphic and anamorphic ascomycetous yeasts and yeast-like taxa. In: Kurtzman CP, Fell JW, Boekhout T (eds) The yeasts, a taxonomic study, 5th edn. Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, pp 293–307

    Google Scholar 

  • Kurtzman CP, Robnett CJ (1994) Synonymy of the yeast genera Wingea and Debaryomyces. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 66:337–342

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kurtzman CP, Robnett CJ (1998) Identification and phylogeny of ascomycetous yeasts from analysis of nuclear large subunit (26S) ribosomal DNA partial sequences. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 73:331–371

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kurtzman CP, Robnett CJ (2003) Phylogenetic relationships among yeasts of the ‘Saccharomyces complex’ determined from multigene sequence analyses. FEMS Yeast Res 3:417–432

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kurtzman CP, Robnett CJ (2007) Multigene phylogenetic analysis of the Trichomonascus, Wickerhamiella and Zygoascus yeast clades, and the proposal of Sugiyamaella gen. nov. and 14 new species combinations. FEMS Yeast Res 7:141–151

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kurtzman CP, Robnett CF (2010) Systematics of methanol assimilating yeasts and neighboring taxa from multigene sequence analysis and the proposal of Peterozyma gen. nov., a new member of the Saccharomycetales. FEMS Yeast Res 10:353–361

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kurtzman CP, Robnett CJ (2013a) Relationships among genera of the Saccharomycotina (Ascomycota) from multigene phylogenetic analysis of type species. FEMS Yeast Res 13:23–33

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kurtzman CP, Robnett CJ (2013b) Alloascoidea hylecoeti gen. nov., comb. nov., Alloascoidea africana comb. nov., Ascoidea tarda sp. nov., and Nadsonia starkeyi-henricii comb. nov., new members of the Saccharomycotina (Ascomycota). FEMS Yeast Res 13:423–432

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kurtzman CP, Robnett CJ (2013c) Description of Ambrosiozyma oregonensis sp. nov., and reassignment of Candida species of the Ambrosiozyma clade to Ambrosiozyma kashinagacola f.a., comb. nov., Ambrosiozyma llanquihuensis f.a., comb. nov., Ambrosiozyma maleeae f.a., comb. nov., Ambrosiozyma pseudovanderkliftii f.a., comb. nov., and Ambrosiozyma vanderkliftii f.a., comb. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 63:3877–3883

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kurtzman CP, Robnett CJ (2014) Three new anascosporic genera of the Saccharomycotina: Danielozyma gen. nov., Deakozyma gen. nov. and Middelhovenomyces gen. nov. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 105:933–942

  • Kurtzman CP, Smith MTh (2011a) Saccharomycopsis Schiönning (1903). In: Kurtzman CP, Fell JW, Boekhout T (eds) The yeasts, a taxonomic study, 5th edn. Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, pp 751–763

    Google Scholar 

  • Kurtzman CP, Smith MTh (2011b) Myxozyma van der Walt, Weijman & von Arx (1981). In: Kurtzman CP, Fell JW, Boekhout T (eds) The yeasts, a taxonomic study, 5th edn. Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, pp 1303–1312

    Google Scholar 

  • Kurtzman CP, Suzuki M (2010) Phylogenetic analysis of ascomycetous yeasts that form coenzyme Q-9 and the proposal of the new genera Babjeviella, Meyerozyma, Millerozyma, Priceomyces, and Scheffersomyces. Mycoscience 51:2–14

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kurtzman CP, Albertyn J, Basehoar-Powers E (2007) Multigene phylogenetic analysis of the Lipomycetaceae and proposed transfer of Zygozyma species to Lipomyces and Babjevia anomala to Dipodascopsis. FEMS Yeast Res 7:1027–1034

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kurtzman CP, Robnett CJ, Basehoar-Powers (2008) Phylogenetic relationships among species of Pichia, Issatchenkia and Williopsis determined from multigene sequence analysis, and the proposal of Barnettozyma gen. nov., Lindnera gen. nov. and Wickerhamomyces gen. nov. FEMS Yeast Res 8:939–954

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lachance MA (2011a) Nakaseomyces Kurtzman (2003). In: Kurtzman CP, Fell JW, Boekhout T (eds) The yeasts, a taxonomic study, 5th edn. Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, pp 633–636

    Google Scholar 

  • Lachance MA (2011b) Starmerella Rosa & Lachance (1998). In: Kurtzman CP, Fell JW, Boekhout T (eds) The yeasts, a taxonomic study, 5th edn. Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, pp 811–815

    Google Scholar 

  • Lachance MA (2012) In defense of yeast sexual life cycles: the forma asexualis—an informal proposal. Yeast Newsl 61:24–25

    Google Scholar 

  • Lachance MA, Kurtzman CP (2011) Kodamaea Y. Yamada, T. Suzuki, Matsuda & Mikata emend. Rosa, Lachance, Starmer, Barker, Bowles & Schlag-Edler. In: Kurtzman CP, Fell JW, Boekhout T (eds) The yeasts, a taxonomic study, 5th edn. Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, pp 483–490

    Google Scholar 

  • Lachance MA, Kurtzman CP (2013) The yeast genus Tortispora gen. nov., description of Tortispora ganteri sp. nov., Tortispora mauiana f.a., sp. nov., Tortispora agaves f.a., sp. nov., Tortispora sangerardii f.a., sp. nov., Tortispora cuajiniquilana f.a., sp. nov., Tortispora starmeri f.a., sp. nov., and Tortispora phaffii f.a., sp. nov., reassignment of Candida caseinolytica to Tortispora caseinolytica f.a., comb. nov., emendation of Botryozyma, and assignment of Botryozyma, Tortispora gen. nov., and Trigonopsis to the family Trigonopsidaceae fam. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 63:3104–3114

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lachance MA, Pupovac-Velikonja A, Natarajan S, Schlad-Edler B (2000) Nutrition and phylogeny of predacious yeasts. Can J Microbiol 46:495–505

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lachance MA, Boekhout T, Scorzetti G, Fell JW, Kurtzman CP (2011) Candida Berkhout. In: Kurtzman CP, Fell JW, Boekhout T (eds) The yeasts, a taxonomic study, 5th edn. Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, pp 987–1278

    Google Scholar 

  • Li J, Xu YC, Bai FY (2006) Candida pseudorugosa sp. nov., a novel yeast species from sputum. J Clin Microbiol 44:4486–4490

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Limtong S, Kaewwichian R (2013) Candida phyllophila sp. nov. and Candida vitiphila sp. nov., two novel yeast species from grape phylloplane in Thailand. J Gen Appl Microbiol 59:191–197

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Limtong S, Kaewwichian R, Am-In S, Boonmak C, Jindamorakot S, Yongmanitchai W, Srisuk N, Kawasaki H, Nakase T (2010a) Three anamorphic yeast species Candida sanitii sp. nov., Candida sekii sp. nov. and Candida suwanaritii, three novel yeasts in the Saturnispora clade isolated in Thailand. FEMS Yeast Res 10:114–122

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Limtong S, Kaewwichian R, Am-In S, Nakase T, Lee CF, Yongmanitchai W (2010b) Candida asiatica sp. nov., an anamorphic ascomycetous yeast species isolated from natural samples from Thailand, Taiwan, and Japan. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 98:475–481

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Limtong S, Jindamorakot S, Am-In Kaewwichian R, Nitiyon S, Yongmanitchai W, Nakase T (2011) Candida uthaithanina sp. nov., an anamorphic yeast species in Nakaseomyces clade isolated in Thailand. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 99:865–871

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Limtong S, Kaewwichian R, Jindamorakot S, Yongmanitchai W, Nakase T (2012a) Candida wangnamkhiaoensis sp. nov., an anamorphic yeast species in the Hyphopichia clade isolated in Thailand. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 102:23–28

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Limtong S, Koowadjanakul N, Jindamorakot S, Yongmanitchai W, Nakase T (2012b) Candida sirachaensis sp. nov. and Candida sakaeoensis sp. nov. two anamorphic yeast species from phylloplane in Thailand. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 102:221–229

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Limtong S, Nitiyon Rungluk Kaewwichian, Jindamorakot S, Am-In S, Yongmanitchai W (2012c) Wickerhamomyces xylosica sp. nov. and Candida phayaonensis sp. nov., two xylose-assimilating yeast species from soil. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 62:2786–2792

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu CH, Young SS, Chang TC, Lee CF (2008) Candida dajiaensis sp. nov., Candida yuanshanicus sp. nov., Candida jianshihensis sp. nov., and Candida sanyiensis sp. nov., four anamorphic, ascomycetous yeast species isolated from soil in Taiwan. FEMS Yeast Res 8:815–822

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mallet S, Weiss S, Jacques N, Leh-Louis V, Sacerdot C, Casaregola S (2012) Insights into the life cycle of yeasts from the CTG clade revealed by the analysis of the Millerozyma (Pichia) farinosa species complex. PLoS ONE 7:e35842

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McCormick SP, Price NPJ, Kurtzman CP (2012) Glucosylation and other biotransformations of T-2 toxin by yeasts of the Trichomonascus clade. Appl Environ Microbiol 78:8694–8702

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McNeill J, Barrie FR, Buck WR, Demoulin V, Greuter W, Hawksworth DL, Herendeen PS, Knapp S, Marhold K, et al (2012) International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants (Melbourne Code). Regnum Veg, 154. Koelz Scientific Books, Koenigstein, Germany

  • Middelhoven WJ, Kurtzman CP (2003) Relation between phylogeny and physiology in some ascomycetous yeasts. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 83:69–74

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nagatsuka Y, Kiyuna T, Kigawa R, Sano C, Miura S, Sugiyama J (2009) Candida tumulicola sp. nov. and Candida takamatsuzukensis sp. nov., novel yeast species assignable to the Candida membranifaciens clade, isolated from the stone chamber of the Takamatsuzuka tumulus. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 59:186–194

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nagy E, Niss M, Dlauchy D, Arneborg N, Nielsen DS, Péter G (2013) Yarrowia divulgata f.a., sp. nov., a yeast species from animal-related and marine sources. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 63:4818–4823

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nakase T, Jindamorakot S, Am-In S, Ninomiya S, Kawasaki H, Limtong S (2009a) Candida nonsorbophila sp. nov., a new ascomycetous yeast species isolated in Thailand. FEMS Yeast Res 9:663–667

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nakase T, Jindamorakot S, Ninomiya S, Imanishi Y, Kawasaki H (2009b) Candida wancherniae sp. nov. and Candida morakotiae sp. nov., two novel ascomycetous anamorphic yeast species found in Thailand. J Gen Appl Microbiol 55:93–100

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nakase T, Jindamorakot S, Imanishi Y, Am-In S, Ninomiya S, Kawasaki H, Limtong S (2010a) Candida tanticharoeniae sp. nov., a novel anamorphic yeast species found in Thailand. J Gen Appl Microbiol 56:89–92

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nakase T, Imanishi Y, Ninomiya S, Takashima M (2010b) Candida rishirensis sp. nov., a novel methylotrophic anamorphic yeast species isolated from soil on Rishiri island in Japan. J Gen Appl Microbiol 56:169–173

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nakase T, Jindamorakot S, Imanishi Y, Am-In S, Ninomiya S, Kawasaki H, Limtong S (2010c) Candida potacharoeniae sp. nov. and Candida spenceri sp. nov., two novel galactose-containing ascomycetous anamorphic yeast species isolated in Thailand. J Gen Appl Microbiol 56:287–295

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nakase T, Jindamorakot S, Am-In S, Lee CF, Limtong S (2011a) Four novel species of the anamorphic yeast genus Candida found in Thailand and Taiwan. J Gen Appl Microbiol 57:231–242

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nakase T, Jindamorakot S, Am-In S, Lee CF, Imanishi Y, Limtong S (2011b) Three novel species of the anamorphic yeast genus Candida in the Candida intermedia clade found in Japan, Thailand and Taiwan. J Gen Appl Microbiol 57:73–81

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nakase T, Jindamorakot S, Am-In S, Kawasaki H (2011c) Candida loeiensis sp. nov., a novel anamorphic yeast species found in Thailand. J Gen Appl Microbiol 57:387–391

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nakase T, Jindamorakot S, Am-In S, Ninomiya S, Kawasaki H (2012) Wickerhamomyces tratensis sp. nov. and Candida namnaoensis sp. nov., two novel ascomycetous yeast species in the Wickerhamomyces clade found in Thailand. J Gen Appl Microbiol 58:145–152

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen NH, Suh S-O, Blackwell M (2007) Five novel Candida species in insect-associated yeast clades isolated from Neuroptera and other insects. Mycologia 99:842–858

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nielsen DS, Jakobsen M, Jespersen L (2010) Candida halmiae sp. nov., Geotrichum ghanense sp. nov. and Candida awuaii sp. nov., isolated from Ghanaian cocoa fermentations. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 60:1460–1465

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nitiyon S, Boonmak C, Am-In S, Jindamorakot S, Kawasaki H, Yongmanitchai W, Limtong S (2011) Candida saraburiensis sp. nov. and Candida prachuapensis sp. nov., xylose-utilizing yeast species isolated in Thailand. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 61:462–468

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Paredes K, Sutton DA, Cano J, Fothergill AW, Lawhon SD, Zhang S, Watkins JP, Guarro J (2012) Molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility testing of clinical isolates of the Candida rugosa species complex and proposal of the new species Candida neorugosa. J Clin Micobiol 50:2397–2403

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Péter G, Tornai-Lehoczki J, Dlauchy D (2009) Candida ogatae sp. nov., an anamorphic member of the Kuraishia clade. FEMS Yeast Res 9:328–333

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Péter G, Dlauchy D, Tornai-Lehoczki J, Suzuki M, Kurtzman CP (2011) Spencermartinsiella europaea gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Trichomonascaceae. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 61:993–1000

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Péter G, Dlauchy D, Price NP, Kurtzman CP (2012) Diddensiella caesifluorescens gen. nov., sp. nov., a riboflavin producing yeast species of the family Trichomonascaceae. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 62:3081–3087

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Phalen DN, Hannafusa Y, Tomazewski EK (2011) Macrorhabdus Tomaszewski, Logan, Snowden, Kurtzman & Phalen. In: Kurtzman CP, Fell JW, Boekhout T (eds) The yeasts, a taxonomic study, 5th edn. Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, pp 1299–1301

    Google Scholar 

  • Ravella SR, Donovan N, James SA, Shivaji S, Arunasri K, Bond CJ, Roberts IN, Hobbs PJ (2011) Candida northwykensis sp. nov., A novel yeast isolated from the gut of the click beetle Melanotus villosus. Curr Microbiol 63:115–120

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ribeiro AJR, De Carvalho PMB, De S, Cabral A, MacRae A, Mendonça-Hagler LCS, Berbara RLL, Hagler AN (2011) Candida middelhoveniana sp. nov., a new yeast species found on the rhizoplane of organically cultivated sugarcane. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 100:341–347

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saksinchai S, Suzuki M, Lumyong S, Ohkuma M, Chantawannakul P (2012) Two new species of the genus Candida in the Zygoascus clade, Candida lundiana sp. nov. and Candida suthepensis sp. nov., isolated from raw honey in Thailand. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 101:633–640

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sarawan S, Mahakhan P, Jindamorakot S, Vichitphan K, Vichitphan S, Sawaengkaew J (2013) Candida konsanensis sp. nov., a new yeast species isolated from Jasminum adenophyllum in Thailand with potentially carboxymethyl cellulase-producing capability. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 29:1481–1486

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Satoh K, Makimura K, Hasumi Y, Nishiyama Y, Uchida K, Yamaguchi H (2009) Candida auris sp. nov., a novel ascomycetous yeast isolated from the external ear canal of an inpatient in a Japanese hospital. Microbiol Immunol 53:41–44

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sipiczki M (2009) Candida stigmatis sp. nov., a new anamorphic yeast species isolated from flowers. FEMS Yeast Res 10:362–365

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sipiczki M (2012) Candida borneonana sp. nov., a methanol-assimilating anamorphic yeast isolated from decaying fruit. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 62:2303–2306

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sipiczki M (2013) Detection of yeast species also occurring in subtrates associated with animals and identification of a novel dimorphic species in Verbascum flowers from Georgia. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 103:567–576

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smith MTh (2011a) Aciculoconidium D.S. King & S.-C. Jong (1976). In: Kurtzman CP, Fell JW, Boekhout T (eds) The yeasts, a taxonomic study, 5th edn. Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, pp 955–957

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith MTh (2011b) Schizoblastosporion Ciferri (1930). In: Kurtzman CP, Fell JW, Boekhout T (eds) The yeasts, a taxonomic study, 5th edn. Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, pp 1329–1330

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith MTh, Kurtzman CP (2011) Lipomyces Lodder & Kreger-van Rij (1952). In: Kurtzman CP, Fell JW, Boekhout T (eds) The yeasts, a taxonomic study, 5th edn. Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, pp 545–560

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith MTh, de Hoog GS, Statzell-Tallman A, Kurtzman CP (2011) Blastobotrys von Klopotek (1967). In: Kurtzman CP, Fell JW, Boekhout T (eds) The yeasts, a taxonomic study, 5th edn. Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, pp 959–977

    Google Scholar 

  • Sugiyama J, Hamamoto M (2011) Saitoella S. Goto, Sugiyama, Hamamoto & Komagata. In: Kurtzman CP, Fell JW, Boekhout T (eds) The yeasts, a taxonomic study, 5th edn. Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, pp 1313–1315

    Google Scholar 

  • Suh S-O, Blackwell M (2005) Four new yeasts in the Candida mesenterica clade associated with basidiocarp-feeding beetles. Mycologia 97:167–177

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Suh S-O, Kurtzman CP, Blackwell M (2001) The status of Endomyces scopularum—a filamentous fungus and two yeasts. Mycologia 93:317–322

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Suh S-O, McHugh JV, Blackwell M (2004) Expansion of the Candida tanzawaensis yeast clade: 16 novel Candida species from basidiocarp-feeding beetles. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 54:2409–2429

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Suh S-O, Nguyen NH, Blackwell M (2005) Nine new Candida species near C. membranifaciens isolated from insects. Mycol Res 109:1045–1056

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Suh S-O, Nguyen NH, Blackwell M (2006) A yeast clade near Candida kruisii uncovered: nine novel Candida species associated with basidioma-feeding beetles. Mycol Res 110:1379–1394

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Suh S-O, Houseknecht JL, Gujjari P, Zhou JJ (2013) Scheffersomyces parashaehatae f.a., sp. nov., Scheffersomyces xylosifermentans f.a., sp. nov., Candida broadrunensis sp. nov. and Candida manassasensis sp. nov., novel yeasts associated with wood-ingesting insects, and their ecological and biofuel implications. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 63:4330–4339

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Suzuki M, Nakase T (1999) A phylogenetic study of ubiquinone Q-8 species of the genera Candida, Pichia, and Citeromyces based on 18S ribosomal DNP sequence divergence. J Gen Appl Microbiol 45:239–246

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Suzuki M, Sung-Oui S, Sugita T, Nakase T (1999) A phylogenetic study on galactose-containing Candida species based on 18S ribosomal DNA sequences. J Gen Appl Microbiol 45:229–238

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tomaszewski EK, Logan KS, Snowden KF, Kurtzman CP, Phalen DN (2003) Phylogenetic analysis identifies the ‘megabacterium’ of birds as a novel anamorphic ascomycetous yeast, Macrorhabdus ornithogaster gen. nov., sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 53:1201–1205

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tsui CKM, Daniel HM, Robert V, Meyer W (2008) Re-examining the phylogeny of clinically relevant Candida species and allied genera based on multigene analyses. FEMS Yeast Res 8:651–659

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ueda-Nishimura K, Mikata K (2002) Species distinction of the ascomycetous heterothallic yeast-like fungus Stephanoascus ciferrii complex: description of Candida allociferrii sp. nov. and reinstatement of Candida mucifera Kocková-Kratochvílová et Sláviková. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 52:463–471

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Urbina H, Blackwell M (2012a) Multilocus phylogenetic study of the Scheffersomyces yeast clade and characterization of the N-terminal region of xylose reductase gene. PLoS ONE 7:e39128

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Urbina H, Blackwell M (2012b) New combinations in Scheffersomyces: S. amazonensis and S. ergatensis. Mycotaxon 123:233–234

    Google Scholar 

  • Urbina H, Frank R, Blackwell M (2013) Scheffersomyces cryptocercus: a new xylose-fermenting yeast associated with the gut of wood roaches and new combinations in the Sugiyamaella yeast clade. Mycologia 105:650–660

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van der Walt JP, Weijman ACM, von Arx JA (1981) The anamorphic yeast genus Myxozyma gen. nov. Sydowia. Ann Mycol Ser II 34:191–198

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang SA, Jia JH, Bai FY (2008) Candida alocasiicola sp. nov., Candida hainanensis sp. nov., Candida heveicola sp. nov. and Candida musiphila sp. nov., novel anamorphic, ascomycetous yeast species isolated from plants. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 94:257–265

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang C, Wang QM, Jia JH, Bai FY (2009a) Candida pseudocylindracea sp. nov. and Candida wuzhishanensis sp. nov. from Hainan island, southern China. Mycosystema 28:79–85

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang QM, Xu J, Wang H, Li J, Bai FY (2009b) Torulaspora quercuum sp. nov. and Candida pseudohumilis sp. nov., novel yeasts from human and forest habitats. FEMS Yeast Res 9:1322–1326

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang SA, Li FL, Bai FY (2010) Candida laoshanensis sp. nov. and Candida qingdaonensis sp. nov., anamorphic, ascomycetous yeast species isolated from decayed wood. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 60:1697–1701

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weiss S, Samson F, Navarro D, Casaregola S (2013) YeastIP: a database for identification and phylogeny of ascomycetous yeasts. FEMS Yeast Res 13:117–125

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smith MTh (2011c) Brettanomyces Kufferath & van Laer (1921). In: Kurtzman CP, Fell JW, Boekhout T (eds) The yeasts, a taxonomic study, 5th edn. Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, pp 983–986

    Google Scholar 

  • Yuan B, Hu N, Sun J, Wang SA, Li FL (2012) Purification and characterization of a novel extracellular inulinase from a new yeast species Candida kutaonensis sp. nov. KRF1T. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 96:1517–1526

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We acknowledge funding by the Belgian Federal Science Policy (BCCM C4/10/017) to HMD and by the Natural Science and Engineering Council of Canada to MAL. The mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mycothèque de l’Université catholique de Louvain (BCCM/MUCL), Earth and Life Institute, Mycology Laboratory, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2 bte L7.05.06, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

    Heide-Marie Daniel

  2. Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada

    Marc-André Lachance

  3. Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens and Mycology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL, 61604, USA

    Cletus P. Kurtzman

Authors
  1. Heide-Marie Daniel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Marc-André Lachance
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Cletus P. Kurtzman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Heide-Marie Daniel.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Daniel, HM., Lachance, MA. & Kurtzman, C.P. On the reclassification of species assigned to Candida and other anamorphic ascomycetous yeast genera based on phylogenetic circumscription. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 106, 67–84 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-014-0170-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-014-0170-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation