Skip to main content
Log in

Cardinal inequalities for S(n)-spaces

  • Published:
Acta Mathematica Hungarica Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Hajnal and Juhász [9] proved that if X is a T1-space, then \({|X| \leq 2^{s(X)\psi(X)}}\), and if X is a Hausdorff space, then \({|X| \leq 2^{c(X)\chi(X)}}\) and \({|X| \leq 2^{2^{s(X)}}}\). Schröder sharpened the first two estimations by showing that if X is a Hausdorff space, then \({|X| \leq 2^{Us(X)\psi_c(X)}}\), and if X is a Urysohn space, then \({|X| \leq 2^{Uc(X)\chi(X)}}\).

In this paper, for any positive integer n and some topological spaces X, we define the cardinal functions \({\chi_n(X), \psi_n(X), s_n(X)}\), and cn(X) called respectively S(n)-character, S(n)-pseudocharacter, S(n)-spread, and S(n)-cellularity and using these new cardinal functions we show that the above-mentioned inequalities could be extended to the class of S(n)-spaces. We recall that the S(1)-spaces are exactly the Hausdorff spaces and the S(2)-spaces are exactly the Urysohn spaces.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. O. T. Alas and Lj. D. R. Kočinac, More cardinal inequalities on Urysohn spaces, Math. Balkanica (N.S.), 14 (2000), 247–251

  2. Charlesworth, A.: On the cardinality of a topological space. Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 66, 138–142 (1977)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  3. Dikranjan, D., Giuli, E.: \(S(n)\)-\(\theta \)-closed spaces. Topology Appl. 28, 59–74 (1988)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  4. D. Dikranjan and W. Tholen, Categorical Structure of Closure Operators, with Applications to Topology, Algebra and Discrete Mathematics, Mathematics and its Applications, 346, Kluwer Academic Publishers Group (Dordrecht, 1995)

  5. Dikranjan, D., Watson, S.: The category of \(S(\alpha )\)-spaces is not cowellpowered. Topology Appl. 61, 137–150 (1995)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  6. R. Engelking, General Topology, Sigma Series in Pure Mathematics, vol. 6, revised ed., Heldermann Verlag (Berlin, 1989)

  7. Gotchev, I.S.: Cardinal inequalities for Urysohn spaces involving variations of the almost Lindelöf degree. Serdica Math. J. 44, 195–212 (2018)

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  8. I. S. Gotchev and Lj. D. R. Kočinac, More on the cardinality of \(S(n)\)-spaces, Serdica Math. J., 44 (2018), 227 – 242

  9. A. Hajnal and I. Juhász, Discrete subspaces of topological spaces, Nederl. Akad. Wetensch. Proc. Ser. A 70 = Indag. Math., 29 (1967), 343–356

  10. R. E. Hodel, Cardinal functions. I, in: Handbook of Set-Theoretic Topology, (K. Kunen and J. E. Vaughan, eds.) North-Holland (Amsterdam, 1984), pp. 1–61

  11. I. Juhász, Cardinal Functions in Topology—Ten Years Later, Mathematical Centre Tracts, No. 123, Mathematisch Centrum (Amsterdam, 1980)

  12. Pol, R.: Short proofs of two theorems on cardinality of topological spaces. Bull. Acad. Polon. Sci. Sér. Sci. Math. Astronom. Phys. 22, 1245–1249 (1974)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  13. Porter, J.R., Votaw, C.: \(S(\alpha )\) spaces and regular Hausdorff extensions. Pacific J. Math. 45, 327–345 (1973)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  14. Schröder, J.: Urysohn cellularity and Urysohn spread. Math. Japon. 38, 1129–1133 (1993)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  15. N. V. Veličko, \(H\)-closed topological spaces, Mat. Sb. (N.S.), 70 (1966), 98–112

  16. Viglino, G.: \(\bar{T}_{n}\)-spaces. Kyungpook Math. J. 11, 33–35 (1971)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgement

The author is grateful to the anonymous referee for very careful reading of the paper and for several valuable suggestions.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to I. S. Gotchev.

Additional information

Some of the results in this paper were announced at the Spring Topology and Dynamical Systems Conference, Berry College, Mount Berry, GA, March 17–19, 2005.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Gotchev, I.S. Cardinal inequalities for S(n)-spaces. Acta Math. Hungar. 159, 229–245 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10474-019-00939-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10474-019-00939-0

Key words and phrases

Mathematics Subject Classification

Navigation