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Hope Matters: Developing and Validating a Measure of Future Expectations Among Young Women in a High HIV Prevalence Setting in Rural South Africa (HPTN 068)

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Abstract

Hope is a future expectancy characterized by an individual’s perception that a desirable future outcome can be achieved. Though scales exist to measure hope, they may have limited relevance in low resource, high HIV prevalence settings. We developed and validated a hope scale among young women living in rural South Africa. We conducted formative interviews to identify the key elements of hope. Using items developed from these interviews, we administered the hope scale to 2533 young women enrolled in an HIV-prevention trial. Women endorsed scale items highly and the scale proved to be unidimensional in the sample. Hope scores were significantly correlated with hypothesized psycholosocial correlates with the exception of life stressors. Overall, our hope measure was found to have excellent reliability and to show encouraging preliminary indications of validity in this population. This study presents a promising measure to assess hope among young women in South Africa.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Award Numbers UM1 AI068619 (HPTN Leadership and Operations Center), UM1AI068617 (HPTN Statistical and Data Management Center), and UM1AI068613 (HPTN Laboratory Center) from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the National Institute of Mental Health and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health. This work was also supported by NIMH R01 (R01MH087118) and the Carolina Population Center and its NIH Center grant (P2C HD050924). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Health Behavior, UNC Chapel Hill, 331 Rosenau Hall, CB #7440, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA

    Laurie Abler, Lauren Hill, Suzanne Maman & Robert DeVellis

  2. MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

    Rhian Twine & Kathleen Kahn

  3. School of Health, University of New England, Armidale, Australia

    Catherine MacPhail

  4. Department of Epidemiology, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

    Audrey Pettifor

Authors
  1. Laurie Abler
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  2. Lauren Hill
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  3. Suzanne Maman
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  4. Robert DeVellis
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  5. Rhian Twine
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  6. Kathleen Kahn
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  7. Catherine MacPhail
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  8. Audrey Pettifor
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Correspondence to Lauren Hill.

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The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Abler, L., Hill, L., Maman, S. et al. Hope Matters: Developing and Validating a Measure of Future Expectations Among Young Women in a High HIV Prevalence Setting in Rural South Africa (HPTN 068). AIDS Behav 21, 2156–2166 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-016-1523-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-016-1523-6

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