Abstract
Small-mesopore-added silicalite-1 zeolites were prepared by using single wall carbon nanohorn (SWCNH) as a template. The samples were characterized with X-ray powder diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and molecular probe adsorption methods. The pore size distributions determined with N2 adsorption at 77 K showed the presence of small mesopores in 2–4 nm pore widths, in addition to their intrinsic micropores of 0.58 nm. The mesopore volume was 0.06 cm3 g−1. The presence of small mesopores in the SWCNH-templated silicalite-1 zeolites was supported with TEM observation as well as the liquid phase adsorption of methylene blue, which was much higher than that on a bulk (purely microporous) silicalite-1.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Annamalai, K.P., Gao, J., Liu, L., Mei, J., Lau, W., Tao, Y.: Nanoporous graphene/single wall carbon nanohorn heterostructures with enhanced capacitance. J. Mater. Chem. A 3, 11740–11744 (2015)
Carrott, P.J.M., Sing, K.S.W.: Characterization of silicalite-1 and ZSM-5 zeolites by low temperature nitrogen adsorption. Chem. Ind. 17, 786 (1986)
Cho, H.S., Ryoo, R.: Synthesis of ordered mesoporous MFI zeolite using CMK carbon templates. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 151, 107–112 (2012)
Choi, M., Na, K., Kim, J., Sakamoto, Y., Terasaki, O., Ryoo, R.: Stable single-unit-cell nanosheets of zeolite MFI as active and long-lived catalysts. Nature 461, 246–249 (2009)
Christensen, C.H., Johannsen, K., Chmidt, I., Christensen, C.H.J.: Catalytic benzene alkylation over mesoporous zeolite single crystals: improving activity and selectivity with a new family of porous materials. Am. Chem. Soc. 125, 13370–13371 (2003)
Davis, M.E.: Ordered porous materials for emerging applications. Nature 417, 813–821 (2002)
de Jong, K.P., Zečević, J., Friedrich, H., Jongh, P.E.D., Bulut, M., Donk, S.V., Kenmogne, R., Finiels, A., Hulea, V., Fajula, F.O.: Zeolite Y crystals with trimodal porosity as ideal hydrocracking catalysts. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 49, 10074–10078 (2010)
Flanigen, E.M., Bennett, J.M., Grose, R.W., Cohen, J.P., Patton, R.L., Kirchner, R.M., Smith, J.V.: Silicalite, a new hydrophobic crystalline silica molecular sieve. Nature 271, 512–516 (1978)
Gregg, S.J., Sing, K.S.W.: Adsorption, surface area and porosity. Academic Press, London (1991)
Groen, J.C., Zhu, W., Brouwer, S., Huynink, S.J., Kapteijn, F., Moulijn, J.A., Pérez-Ramírez, J.: Direct demonstration of enhanced diffusion in mesoporous zsm-5 zeolite obtained via controlled desilication. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129, 355–360 (2007)
Ho, Y.S., McKay, G.: Pseudo-secondorder model for sorption processes. Process Biochem. 34, 451–456 (1999)
Jacobsen, C.J.H., Madsen, C., Houzvicka, J., Schmidt, I., Carlsson, A.: Mesoporous zeolite single crystals. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122, 7116–7117 (2000)
Mitchell, S., Pinar, A.B., Kenvin, J., Crivelli, P., Kärger, J., Pérez-Ramírez, J.: Structural analysis of hierarchically organized zeolites. Nat. Commun. 6, 8633 (2015)
On, D.T., Kaliaguine, S.: Zeolite-coated mesostructured cellular silica foams. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125, 618–619 (2003)
Schmidt, I., Boisen, A., Gustavsson, E., Stahl, K., Pehrson, S., Dahl, S., Carlsson, A., Jacobsen, C.J.H.: Carbon nanotube templated growth of mesoporous zeolite single crystals. Chem. Mater. 13, 4416–4418 (2001)
Tao, Y., Kanoh, H., Abrahms, L., Kaneko, K.: Mesopore-modified zeolites: preparation, characterization, and applications. Chem. Rev. 106, 896–910 (2006)
Tao, Y., Kanoh, H., Kaneko, K.: Comment: questions concerning the nitrogen adsorption data analysis for formation of supermicropores in ZSM-5 zeolites. Adv. Mater. 17, 2789–2792 (2005)
Tao, Y., Kanoh, H., Kaneko, K.: ZSM-5 monolith of uniform mesoporous channels. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125, 6044–6045 (2003)
Tao, Y., Noguchi, D., Yang, C.-M., Kanoh, H., Tanaka, H., Yudasaka, M., Iijima, S., Kaneko, K.: Conductive and mesoporous single-wall carbon nanohorn/organic aerogel composites. Langmuir 23, 9155–9157 (2007)
Tosheva, L., Valtchev, V.P.: Nanozeolites: synthesis, crystallization mechanism, and applications. Chem. Mater. 17, 2494–2513 (2005)
Wang, L., Zhang, J., Yi, X., Zheng, A., Deng, F., Chen, C., Ji, Y., Liu, F., Meng, X., Xiao, F.-S.: Mesoporous zsm-5 zeolite-supported ru nanoparticles as highly efficient catalysts for upgrading phenolic bio-molecules. ACS Catal. 5, 2727–2734 (2015)
Xiao, F.-S., Wang, L., Yin, C., Lin, K., Di, Y., Li, J., Xu, R., Su, D.S., Schl-gl, R., Yokoi, T., Tatsumi, T.A.: Catalytic properties of hierarchical mesoporous zeolites templated with a mixture of small organic ammonium salts and mesoscale cationic polymers. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 45, 3090–3093 (2006)
Zhao, X., Bu, X., Wu, T., Zheng, S.-T., Wang, L., Feng, P.: Selective anion exchange with nanogated isoreticular positive metal–organic frameworks. Nat. Commun. 4, 2344 (2013)
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21273236) and by Science and Technology Planning Projects of Fujian Province of China (2014H2008 and 2015I0008). YT appreciates the support of both “100 Talents” program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and “100 Talents” program of Fujian Province, China.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gao, J., Tao, Y. Synthesis and characterization of small-mesopore-added silicalite-1 zeolites using single wall carbon nanohorn templating. Adsorption 22, 1059–1063 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10450-016-9809-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10450-016-9809-6