Abstract
In the present study, oblique low-velocity impact (OLVI) on GLARE fiber-metal laminates (FMLs) has been modeled using finite element analysis (FEA) for the first time. Two types of boundary conditions (BCs) can be considered for impactor in the low-velocity impact: constrained (if the impact angle between the impactor and target remains constant during and after the contact) and free (if rotation of the impactor and change in angle with respect to the target is likely) BCs. The more details of these BCs are described in the paper. The OLVI is numerically modeled for four different impact angles. Effect of BC types and impact angle on energy absorption, as well as maximum contact force, is investigated. Due to lack of experimental results for the OLVI on FMLs in the open literature, the authors had to validate the present modelling via the experimental data of the perpendicular low-velocity impact. An excellent agreement was obtained between the numerical results and the experimental data. The results of present study reveal that at the same impact angle, the maximum contact force and energy absorption are greater for the constraint oblique impact (Constrained OLVI). In addition, in the Constrained OLVI, the maximum energy absorption occurs at larger impact angles, while this occurs at smaller impact angles for free oblique impact (Free OLVI). The conclusion to be drawn from all of the cases studied in this paper is that the maximum contact force occurs in the Constrained OLVI with smaller impact angles. Moreover, the maximum energy absorption takes place in the Constrained OLVI at higher impact angles.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Sinmazçelik T., Avcu E., Bora M.Ö., Çoban O.: A review: fibre metal laminates, background, bonding types and applied test methods. Mater. Design. 32, 3671–3685 (2011)
Sinke J.: Manufacturing of GLARE parts and structures. Appl. Compos. Mater. 10(4), 293–305 (2003)
Beaumont P.W.R., Riewald P.G., Zweben C.: Methods for improving the impact resistance of composite materials,“foreign object impact damage to composites, ASTM STP 568. Am. Soc. Testing. Mater. 134, –158 (1974)
Asundi A., Choi A.Y.N.: Fiber metal laminates: an advanced material for future aircraft. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 63(1–3), 384–394 (1997)
Botelho E.C., Silva R.A., Pardini L.C., Rezende M.C.: A review on the development and properties of continuous fiber/epoxy/aluminum hybrid composites for aircraft structures. Mater. Res. 9(3), 247–256 (2006)
Castrodeza E.M., Bastian F.L., Ipiña J.E.P.: Critical fracture toughness, JC and δ5C, of unidirectional fibre–metal laminates. Thin-Walled Struct. 41(12), 1089–1101 (2003)
Vermeeren C.A.J.R., Beumler T., Kanter J.L.C.G.: D., Jagt, O.C.V.D., out, B.C.L.: glare design aspects and philosophies. Appl. Compos. Mater. 10(4), 257–276 (2003)
Vogelesang L.B., Vlot A.: Development of fibre metal laminates for advanced aerospace structures. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 103, 1–5 (2000)
Lawcock G.D., Ye L., Mai Y.W., Sun C.T.: Effects of fibre/matrix adhesion on carbon-fibre-reinforced metal laminates—II. Impact behaviour. Combust. Sci. Technol. 57(12), 1621–1628 (1998)
Sadighi M., Alderliesten R.C., Benedictus R.: Impact resistance of fiber-metal laminates: a review. Int J Impact Eng. 49, 77–90 (2012)
Villanueva G.R., Cantwell W.J.: The mechanical properties of fibre-metal laminates based on glass fibre reinforced polypropylene. Combust. Sci. Technol. 60, 1085–1094 (2000)
Cortes P., Cantwell W.J.: The impact properties of high-temperature fiber-metal laminates. J. Compos. Mater. 41(5), 613–632 (2007)
Fan J., Cantwell W., Guan Z.: The low-velocity impact response of fiber-metal laminates. J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. 30(1), 26–35 (2011)
Starikov R.: Assessment of impact response of fiber metal laminates. Int J Impact Eng. 59, 38–45 (2013)
Nakatani H., Kosaka T., Osaka K., Sawada Y.: Damage characterization of titanium/GFRP hybrid laminates subjected to low-velocity impact. Compos Part A-Appl S. 42, 772–781 (2011)
Yaghoubi A.S., Liu Y., Liaw B.: Low-velocity impact on GLARE 5 fiber-metal laminates: influences of specimen thickness and impactor mass. J Aerosp Eng. 25(3), 409–420 (2012)
Taheri-Behrooz F., Shokrieh M.M., Yahyapour I.: Effect of stacking sequence on failure mode of fiber metal laminates under low-velocity impact. Iran Polym J. 23, 147–152 (2014)
Zhang H., Gn S.W.: An, J., Xiang, Y., Yang, J.L.: impact behaviour of GLAREs with MWCNT modified epoxy resins. Exp Mech. 54(1), 83–93 (2014)
Morinière F.D., Alderliesten R.C., Benedictus R.: Modelling of impact damage and dynamics in fibre-metal laminates - a review. Int. J. Impact. Eng. 67, 27–38 (2014)
Sadighi M., Pärnänen T., Alderliesten R.C., Sayeaftabi M., Benedictus R.: Experimental and numerical investigation of metal type and thickness effects on the impact resistance of fiber metal laminates. Appl. Compos. Mater. 19(3), 545–559 (2012)
Liu Y., Liaw B.: Effects of constituents and lay-up configuration on drop-weight tests of fiber-metal laminates. Appl. Compos. Mater. 17(1), 43–62 (2010)
Pärnänen T., Vänttinen A., Kanerva M., Jokinen J., Saarela O.: The effects of debonding on the low-velocity impact response of steel-CFRP fibre metal laminates. Appl. Compos. Mater. (2016). doi:10.1007/s10443-016-9505-4
Cicco D.D., Asaee Z., Taheri F.: Low-velocity impact damage response of fiberglass/magnesium fiber-metal laminates under different size and shape impactors. Mech Adv Mater Struct. (2016). doi:10.1080/15376494.2016.1162343
Ma Y.E., Hu H.W., Xiong X.F., Zhang Q.M.: Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Fibre-Metal Laminates during Low-Velocity Impact Loading. Paper presented at the 13th International Conference on Fracture, Beijing (2013)
Guan Z.W., Cantwell W.J., Abdullah R.: Numerical modeling of the impact response of fiber–metal laminates. Polym. Compos. 30, 603–611 (2009)
Zhou J., Guan Z., Cantwell W.: Numerical modelling of perforation impact damage of fibre metal laminates. Paper presented at the ICCM2014, Cambridge, England (2014)
Hibbitt D., Karlsson B., Sorensen P.: ABAQUS 6.14 User’s Manuals. In: Dassault Systèmes Simulia Corp., Providence. Rhode Island, USA (2014)
Antoinat L., Kubler R., Barou J.-L., Viot P., Barrallier L.: Perforation of aluminium alloy thin plates. Intern J Impact Eng. 75, 255–267 (2015)
Yaghoubi A.S., Liaw B.: Thickness influence on ballistic impact behaviors of GLARE 5 fiber-metal laminated beams: experimental and numerical studies. Comput Struct. 94, 2585–2598 (2012)
Meybodi M.H., Saber-Samandari S., Sadighi M., Bagheri M.R.: Low-velocity impact response of a nanocomposite beam using an analytical model. Lat Am J Solids Stru. 12, 333–354 (2015)
Abrate, S.: Impact on composite structures. Cambridge university press, (2005)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Heydari-Meybodi, M., Mohammadkhani, H. & Bagheri, M.R. Oblique Low-Velocity Impact on Fiber-Metal Laminates. Appl Compos Mater 24, 611–623 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10443-016-9530-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10443-016-9530-3