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Role of Animal Models in Coronary Stenting

  • Medical Stents: State of the Art and Future Directions
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Abstract

Coronary angioplasty initially employed balloon dilatation only. This technique revolutionized the treatment of coronary artery disease, although outcomes were compromised by acute vessel closure, late constrictive remodeling, and restenosis due to neointimal proliferation. These processes were studied in animal models, which contributed to understanding the biology of endovascular arterial injury. Coronary stents overcome acute recoil, with improvements in the design and metallurgy since then, leading to the development of drug-eluting stents and bioresorbable scaffolds. These devices now undergo computer modeling and benchtop and animal testing before evaluation in clinical trials. Animal models, including rabbit, sheep, dog and pig are available, all with individual benefits and limitations. In smaller mammals, such as mouse and rabbit, the target for stenting is generally the aorta; whereas in larger animals, such as the pig, it is generally the coronary artery. The pig coronary stenting model is a gold-standard for evaluating safety; but insights into biomechanical properties, the biology of stenting, and efficacy in controlling neointimal proliferation can also be gained. Intra-coronary imaging modalities such as intravascular ultrasound and optical coherence tomography allow precise serial evaluation in vivo, and recent developments in genetically modified animal models of atherosclerosis provide realistic test beds for future stents and scaffolds.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Nadine Arnold, for her veterinary and laboratory skills; and to the following for funding our animal work: British Heart Foundation, Department of Trade and Industry, Medical Research Council, Sheffield Hospitals Charitable Trust, Sir Jules Thorn Charitable Trust.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK

    Javaid Iqbal, Janet Chamberlain, Sheila E. Francis & Julian Gunn

  2. Medical School, M116, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK

    Julian Gunn

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  1. Javaid Iqbal
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  2. Janet Chamberlain
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Correspondence to Julian Gunn.

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Associate Editor Peter E. McHugh oversaw the review of this article.

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Iqbal, J., Chamberlain, J., Francis, S.E. et al. Role of Animal Models in Coronary Stenting. Ann Biomed Eng 44, 453–465 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-015-1414-4

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