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Exposure of Free-Ranging Wild Carnivores and Domestic Dogs to Canine Distemper Virus and Parvovirus in the Cerrado of Central Brazil

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Abstract

Human population growth around protected areas increases the contact between wild and domestic animals, promoting disease transmission between them. This study investigates the exposure of free-ranging wild carnivores and domestic dogs to canine distemper virus (CDV) and parvovirus in Emas National Park (ENP) in the Cerrado savanna of central Brazil. Serum samples were collected from 169 wild carnivores, including the maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus), crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous), hoary fox (Pseudalopex vetulus), puma (Puma concolor), ocelot (Leopardus pardalis), pampas cat (Leopardus colocolo), jaguarundi (Herpailurus yagouaroundi), striped hog-nosed skunk (Conepatus semistriatus) and coati (Nasua nasua), and from 35 domestic dogs living on rural properties bordering ENP. Serological tests showed that 10.6% of wild carnivores (maned wolves, crab-eating foxes and ocelots) and 71.4% of domestic dogs were exposed to CDV, and 56.8% of wild carnivores, including all species sampled except coatis, and 57.1% of domestic dogs were exposed to parvovirus. This report is the first to indicate that the free-ranging pampas cat, jaguarundi and striped hog-nosed skunk are exposed to parvovirus. CDV and parvovirus deserve attention in ENP, and it is extremely important to monitor the health of carnivore populations and perform molecular diagnosis of the viruses to determine the possible involvement of the domestic dog in their transmission.

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Acknowledgments

This study received financial support from Earthwatch Institute, the Fundo Nacional do Meio Ambiente and The Memphis Zoo. We thank ICMBio for granting permission to work in ENP, ENP management for logistical support, dog owners for allowing the biological sample collection, and Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Mamíferos Carnívoros—CENAP/ICMBio for the storage of biological samples. We are indebted with Cyntia Kashivakura for her invaluable help with the capture and biological sample collection of wild carnivores and domestic dogs. We also thank all the trainees and Earthwatch volunteers who contributed to field work and data collection.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Jaguar Conservation Fund/Instituto Onça-Pintada, Mineiros, GO, Brazil

    Mariana Malzoni Furtado, Anah Tereza de Almeida Jácomo, Leandro Silveira & Natália Mundim Tôrres

  2. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-270, Brazil

    Mariana Malzoni Furtado, Erika Midori Kida Hayashi & José Soares Ferreira Neto

  3. Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu, SP, Brazil

    Susan Dora Allendorf & Jane Megid

  4. Laboratório Biovet, Vargem Grande Paulista, SP, Brazil

    Claudio José Coelho & José Domingues Ramos Filho

  5. Instituto de Biologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil

    Natália Mundim Tôrres

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  1. Mariana Malzoni Furtado
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  2. Erika Midori Kida Hayashi
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  3. Susan Dora Allendorf
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  4. Claudio José Coelho
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  6. Jane Megid
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  7. José Domingues Ramos Filho
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  9. Natália Mundim Tôrres
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  10. José Soares Ferreira Neto
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Correspondence to Mariana Malzoni Furtado.

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Furtado, M.M., Hayashi, E.M.K., Allendorf, S.D. et al. Exposure of Free-Ranging Wild Carnivores and Domestic Dogs to Canine Distemper Virus and Parvovirus in the Cerrado of Central Brazil. EcoHealth 13, 549–557 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-016-1146-4

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