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Impact of serum biomarkers on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

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Abstract

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is frequently associated with a high mortality rate as a result of late diagnosis and/or aggressive behavior. Although multimodal treatment is applied for advanced tumors, many patients suffer from progressive disease and rapid recurrence. Besides various imaging techniques, serum biomarkers should also be useful for early diagnosing and treatment monitoring. A comprehensive review is provided here mainly on advancements of our clinical research in serum biomarkers to diagnose and/or monitor esophageal SCC. First, we focused on conventional secretory type serum markers, SCC-antigen and CYFRA 21-1. Both serum markers are useful to predict high-risk patients to develop recurrent disease. Second, we reviewed the clinicopathological significance of various angiogenic factors, vascular endothelial growth factor, thymidine phosphorylase, fibroblast growth factor, midkine, and hepatocyte growth factor. These growth factors could be useful biomarkers to predict lymph node and/or distant metastases. Finally, we reviewed advancements of clinical research on autoantibodies against tumor-specific antigens, particularly focused on serum p53 antibody. Because serum antibodies frequently respond to a small volume of tumors, they are useful in early tumor detection and prediction of residual cancer cells. Serum biomarkers may be a useful tool in the management of esophageal SCC.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Ms. Seiko Otsuka for excellent technical assistance and preparation of this manuscript. This work was partly supported by a grant from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) in Japan, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) nos. 21591717 and 23591948, and also partly funded by the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Risk-Taking Fund for Technology Development. A part of this review was presented at the 62nd annual meeting of the Japan Esophageal Society (directed by Dr. Takubo).

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

    Hideaki Shimada, Satoshi Yajima & Yoko Oshima

  2. Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan

    Takaki Hiwasa

  3. Division of Pathology and Cell Therapy, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan

    Masatoshi Tagawa

  4. Department of Molecular Diagnosis and Division of Clinical Genetics and Proteomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan

    Kazuyuki Matsushita & Fumio Nomura

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  1. Hideaki Shimada
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  2. Satoshi Yajima
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Correspondence to Hideaki Shimada.

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Shimada, H., Yajima, S., Oshima, Y. et al. Impact of serum biomarkers on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Esophagus 9, 131–140 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10388-012-0332-x

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