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Tubiphytes Maslov, 1956 and description of similar organisms from Triassic reefs of the Tethys

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Abstract

Tubiphytes Maslov (Nigriporella Rigby, Shamovella Rauser-Chernoussova) and similar organisms belong to one of the most abundant, enigmatic fossils reported from Carboniferous to Cretaceous rocks of numerous localities worldwide. Tubiphytes has been referred to many distinctly different organisms of the Tethys occurring in shallow water, particularly reef biotopes. Paleozoic Tubiphytes were revised by Senowbari-Daryan and Flügel, and Jurassic-Cretaceous species by Senowbari-Daryan et al. In this paper, the Triassic representatives of Tubiphytes and Tubiphytes-like organisms are described. The morphological and structural differences between the Paleozoic and Triassic Tubiphytes are shown and their systematic position is discussed. The following new species are described: Tubiphytes carnicus, T. ramosus, T. alcicornis, and Plexoramea cylindrica. The new genus Carniphytes is proposed for Tubiphytes multisiphonatus Schäfer and Senowbari-Daryan. Tubiphytes gracilis Schäfer and Senowbari-Daryan is transferred to the genus Plexoramea Mello. All described taxa are relatively abundant in Ladinian-Carnian reefs (e.g., “Wetterstein limestone” of the Alps) and in shallow-water carbonates of the northwestern Tethys. Some of them occur rarely in Anisian or in Norian-Rhaetian reefs.

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Acknowledgments

The investigations were carried out in the framework of several earlier research projects supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Peter Riedel and the FG Paläoumwelt, Geozentrum Nordbayern (Erlangen) are thanked for providing numerous thin-sections. I would also like to extend my thanks to Professors P. Di Stefano and B. Abate (both in Palermo, Sicily) for their help during the field work in Sicily. Thanks to Michael Link and Franz Fürsich (both Erlangen) for their critical reading of the manuscript and to Rowan Martindale, Los Angeles for improvements of the English. I am grateful for valuable comments, made by Robert Riding (Knoxville, USA) and especially by F. Schlagintweit (Munich) as journal reviewers. The most inapplicable comments of an anonymous third reviewer could not be accepted.

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Senowbari-Daryan, B. Tubiphytes Maslov, 1956 and description of similar organisms from Triassic reefs of the Tethys. Facies 59, 75–112 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10347-012-0353-x

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