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A facies model for an Early Aptian carbonate platform (Zamaia, Spain)

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Abstract

The Cretaceous (Early Aptian, uppermost Bedoulian, Dufrenoyia furcata Zone) Zamaia Formation is a carbonate unit, up to 224 m thick and 1.5 km wide, which formed on a regional coastal sea bordering the continental Iberian craton. A high-resolution, facies-based, stratigraphic framework is presented using facies mapping and vertical-log characterization. The depositional succession consists of a shallow estuarine facies of the Ereza Fm overlain by shallow-water rudist limestones (Zamaia Fm) building relief over positive tectonic blocks and separated by an intraplatform depression. The margins of these shallow-water rudist buildups record low-angle transitional slopes toward the adjacent surrounding basins. Syn-depositional faulting is responsible for differential subsidence and creation of highs and lows, and local emplacement of limestone olistoliths and slope breccias. Two main carbonate phases are separated by an intervening siliciclastic-carbonate estuarine episode. The platform carbonates are composed of repetitive swallowing-upward cycles, commonly ending with a paleokarstic surface. Depositional systems tracts within sequences are recognized on the basis of facies patterns and are interpreted in terms of variations of relative sea level. Both Zamaia carbonate platform phases were terminated by a relative sea-level fall and karstification, immediately followed by a relative sea-level rise. This study refines our understanding of the paleogeography and sea-level history in the Early Cretaceous Aptian of the Basque-Cantabrian Basin. The detailed information on biostratigraphy and lithostratigraphy provides a foundation for regional to global correlations.

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Acknowledgments

This project was supported by the Spanish Science and Innovation Ministry project CGL2009-11308. It was also supported by PhD grant BFI09.122 from the Basque Country Government. We thank M. Tucker and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive criticism and valuable suggestions, which helped us to improve the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dpto. Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Universidad del País Vasco, Apdo 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain

    Pedro Angel Fernández-Mendiola, Jone Mendicoa, Sergio Hernandez & Joaquín García-Mondéjar

  2. Department of Earth Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK

    Hugh G. Owen

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  1. Pedro Angel Fernández-Mendiola
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  2. Jone Mendicoa
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  3. Sergio Hernandez
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  4. Hugh G. Owen
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  5. Joaquín García-Mondéjar
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Correspondence to Jone Mendicoa.

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Fernández-Mendiola, P.A., Mendicoa, J., Hernandez, S. et al. A facies model for an Early Aptian carbonate platform (Zamaia, Spain). Facies 59, 529–558 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10347-012-0315-3

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