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Biofumigation with Fresh Manure or Brassicaceae Residuals could be a Promising Methyl Bromide Alternative in Head Lettuce Production

Biofumigation mit Frischmist oder Resten von Brassicaceae könnte in der Kopfsalatproduktion eine vielversprechende Alternative zu Methylbromid sein

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Abstract

The current study investigates the natural alternatives of methyl bromide on head lettuce plants grown in greenhouse. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seedlings (cv. “Big Bell”) were treated with six different MBr alternatives which are, Biofumigation with fresh cow manure, fresh chicken manure, or Brassicaceae residuals plus Bio-Compost application (using disease suppressive compost) in comparison with chemical control with one of MBr chemical alternatives (Basamid) and finally negative control (which is the standard farmer treatment). Despite that chemical control with Basamid recorded the highest survival rate, biofumigation with fresh chicken manure gave the best head length, diameter, fresh weight, dry weight, total and marketable yield. Also, highest head quality characteristics such as TSS, SPAD reading, and nitrogen content were recorded with biofumigation with fresh chicken manure. Regardless of the superiority of Biofumigation with fresh chicken manure, Biofumigation with fresh cow manure or Brassicaceae residuals showed a better vegetative growth and quality parameters than farmer treatment (control), and they had significantly less effect than chemical control treatment. Bio-Compost fortified with Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis (disease suppressive compost) recorded survival rate similar to biofumigation treatments but were significantly lower than chemical control treatment. Bio-Compost treatment did not result in a good result regarding total and marketable yield head fresh and dry weight. There was no detected significant effect of the studied treatments on stem diameter, L‑ascorbic acid (vitamin C), phosphorus and potassium content

Zusammenfassung

In der vorliegenden Studie werden die natürlichen Alternativen zu Methylbromid für Kopfsalatpflanzen in der Treibhauszucht untersucht. Kopfsalatsetzlinge (Lactuca sativa L.) (vgl. „Big Bell“) wurden mit sechs unterschiedlichen MBr-Alternativen behandelt, und zwar Biofumigation mit frischem Kuhmist, frischem Hühnermist oder Brassicaceae-Resten plus (Krankheiten supprimierender) Biokompost im Vergleich zur chemischen Kontrolle mit einer chemischen MBr-Alternative (Basamid) und schließlich einer Negativkontrolle (Standardbehandlung des Landwirts). Obwohl die chemische Kontrolle mit Basamid die höchste Überlebensrate brachte, ergab die Biofumigation mit frischem Hühnermist die besten Ergebnisse, was die Länge des Salatkopfs, den Durchmesser, das Frischgewicht, das Trockengewicht und den marktfähigen Ertrag angeht. Auch wurden mit Biofumigation mit frischem Hühnermist die besten Kopfsalatqualitätsmerkmale erzielt, wie Gesamtgehalt löslicher Feststoffe (Total Soluble Solids, TSS), Chlorophyllgehalt (SPAD-Test) und Stickstoffgehalt. Unabhängig von der Überlegenheit der Biofumigation mit frischem Hühnermist ergab die Biofumigation mit frischem Kuhmist oder Brassicaceae-Resten ein besseres vegetatives Wachstum und bessere Qualitätsparameter als die Behandlung des Landwirts (Kontrolle), allerdings war die Wirkung signifikant geringer als in der chemischen Kontrollbehandlung. Mit Trichoderma harzianum und Bacillus subtilis angereicherter Biokompost (Krankheiten supprimierender Kompost) brachte Überlebensraten ähnlich der Biofumigationsbehandlungen, aber signifikant geringer als bei der chemischen Kontrollbehandlung. Die Biokompostbehandlung führte zu keinen guten Ergebnissen, was den Gesamtertrag und den marktfähigen Ertrag sowie das Frisch- und das Trockengewicht der Salatköpfe angeht. Es gab keine nachgewiesene signifikante Auswirkung der untersuchten Behandlungen auf den Strunkdurchmesser oder den Gehalt an L‑Ascorbinsäure (Vitamin C), Phosphor oder Kalium.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Vegetable Research Dept., National Research Center, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt

    Abdalla A. Ghoname, Gamal S. Riad, Abdel Mohsen M. El-Bassiony & Alaa S. Tantawy

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  1. Abdalla A. Ghoname
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  2. Gamal S. Riad
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  3. Abdel Mohsen M. El-Bassiony
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  4. Alaa S. Tantawy
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Correspondence to Abdalla A. Ghoname.

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Ghoname, A.A., Riad, G.S., El-Bassiony, A.M.M. et al. Biofumigation with Fresh Manure or Brassicaceae Residuals could be a Promising Methyl Bromide Alternative in Head Lettuce Production. Gesunde Pflanzen 69, 29–37 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-017-0384-x

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