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Rapid detection of stand density, tree positions, and tree diameter with a 2D terrestrial laser scanner

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Abstract

Harvester operators that decide about tree removal during thinnings have currently no instruments to measure stand density continuously before and after the operation. We tested whether basal area can be measured rapidly for this purpose with a 2D terrestrial laser scanner. An algorithm was developed, which automatically detects trees from laser scanner point clouds, measures their position and diameter, and calculates basal area. A field test included 18 laser scans in two Norway spruce stands with a wide range of stand densities, representing situations before and after thinning. Occlusion is a problem of single laser scans, and about one-third of the trees within the scanning range were not detected. Occlusion varies with stem density and branchiness. We therefore applied a flexible scanning range, which is detected automatically based on the laser hit density distribution for each scan. Scanning ranges were between 5.5 and 8.4 m (mean = 7.3 m) in the test scans, which is below the reach of the harvester crane, but still large enough to estimate local stand density. Basal area measured with the laser scanner was unbiased only in one of the two stands. Trees not detected or trees falsely detected caused only small bias of the basal area measurement in one of the two stands. Measurement errors for individual scans were, however, often around 10 m2 ha−1.

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Acknowledgments

This study was financed by a grant from The Research Council of Norway and Skogtiltaksfondet under the title “Optimizing silviculture for bioenergy production in Norway”. We would like to thank the reviewers who helped to improve the quality of our manuscript with their constructive comments.

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  1. Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway

    Andreas Brunner & Belachew Gizachew

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  1. Andreas Brunner
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  2. Belachew Gizachew
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Correspondence to Andreas Brunner.

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Communicated by A. Weiskittel.

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Brunner, A., Gizachew, B. Rapid detection of stand density, tree positions, and tree diameter with a 2D terrestrial laser scanner. Eur J Forest Res 133, 819–831 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-014-0799-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-014-0799-1

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