Abstract
Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) is mostly grown in rainfed condition in Turkey as well as other some countries in the world without more yield reduction. However, there is not enough information about how to give yield without more reduction in rainfed hazelnut orchard. In an endeavor to search this question, quantifications of leaf water potential (LWP), stomatal conductance (gs) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) of hazelnut tree were investigated in rainfed hazelnut orchard in the summer of 2013 and 2014. Additionally, possible effects of those quantifications on rainfed hazelnut trees vs. soil water content (SWC) was investigated. Results of this study exhibited that yearly ET (evapotranspiration) of rainfed hazelnut trees was higher in 2014 than 2013 even though seasonal ET of rainfed hazelnut trees was higher in 2013 than 2014. Hence, yield, LWP and gs were higher in 2014 than 2013 but PAR and SWC (even all the study season) were mostly higher in 2013 than 2014. Moreover, relationships of LWP, gs and PAR and responses of LWP, gs and PAR to SWC were non stronger. These differences could be attributed differences of climate variability such as precipitation and temperature during the observed period throughout the season in the studied years. However, rainfed hazelnut trees may be required supplement irrigation in dry summer, such as year of 2013, to avoid summer water stress. Finally, it can be concluded that hazelnut trees can be grown well and give normal yield for the areas which have about 950 mm precipitation.
Zusammenfassung
Haselnüsse (Corylus avellana L.) werden in der Türkei und in einigen anderen Ländern der Welt meist ohne Bewässerung angebaut, ohne dass eine Ertragsminderung beobachtet wird. Jedoch gibt es nicht genug Information darüber, warum in den nicht bewässerten Haselnussplantagen keine Ertragsreduktionen auftreten. Um dieser Frage nachzugehen, wurden in einer nicht bewässerten Haselnussplantage in den Sommern 2013 und 2014 Quantifizierungen des Blattwasserpotentials (LWP), der stomatären Leitfähigkeit (gs) und der photosynthetisch aktiven Strahlung (PAR) durchgeführt. Zusätzlich wurden mögliche Effekte des Bodenwassergehaltes (SWC) untersucht. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studien ergaben, dass die jährliche ET (Evapotranspiration) bei nicht bewässerten Haselnusssträuchern 2014 höher war als 2013, während die ET in der Vegetationsperiode 2013 höher war als 2014. Infolgedessen waren Ertrag, LWP und gs 2014 höher als 2013, aber PAR und SWC (sogar während des gesamten Versuchszeitraumes) waren 2013 meist höher als 2014. Darüber hinaus waren die Relationen zwischen LWP, gs und PAR nicht enger als wenn der Bodenwassergehalt berücksichtigt wurde. Die saisonalen Abweichungen der Versuchsjahre könnten Klimaunterschieden wie Niederschlag und Temperatur zugeordnet werden. Jedoch könnte in einem Sommer, wie 2013, eine Zusatzbewässerung nötig sein, um Wasserstress zu vermeiden. Abschließend kann gefolgert werden, dass Haselnusssträucher in Gebieten mit etwa 950 mm Niederschlag problemlos angebaut werden können und eine normale Ernte einbringen.
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Acknowledgements
The author thanks DUBAP (Düzce University Scientific Research Projects: 2013.23.01.131 and 2013.23.01.196) for its financial support of this study. Furthermore, the author thanks Mrs. Yasemin Karslioğlu – who is the owner of Karslioğlu Farm for opening their farms to search of these studies.
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Özmen, S. Quantification of Leaf Water Potential, Stomatal Conductance and Photosynthetically Active Radiation in Rainfed Hazelnut. Erwerbs-Obstbau 58, 273–280 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-016-0292-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-016-0292-8