Abstract
In vitro embryo culture enabled satisfactory germination of immature seeds produced in crosses from early ripening sweet cherry varieties (Prunus avium L.). Three varieties —‘Rita’, ‘Bigarreau Burlat’ and ‘Carmen’— were crossed with ‘Early Star’ as male parent. Germination rate was affected by the developmental stage of both fruit and embryo. Fruit ripening stage was a critical factor for culture infection rate that increased with maturity. In-ovule embryo culture on Murashige and Skoog medium without hormones improved the embryo size but did not increase the germination rate due to a further increase in infection rate. Ex-ovule embryo culture on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with BA 1 mg L−1, NAA 0.5 mg L−1, 20 g L−1sucrose, 10 g L−1 sorbitol and 6 g L−1agar during the stratification time increased embryo length. Germination was performed on Brooks and Hough medium at the 22 ± 1 °C with 16/8 h light/dark photoperiod. The highest germination rate (75 %) was reached in embryos that were 3−4 mm in length, after 30-days stratification at 4 °C. Embryos in fruits at green-yellow stage that were 3−4 mm long were morpho-physiologically developed to produce bipolar seedlings, without combined application of embryo culture and micropropagation.
Zusammenfassung
Die in-vitro Embryonenkultivierung ermöglichte eine zufriedenstellende Keimung von unreifen Samen, die durch Kreuzungen von frühreifenden Süßkirschensorten (Prunus avium L.) entstanden waren. Drei Sorten – ‚Rita‘, ‚Bigarreau Burlat‘ und ‚Carmen‘- wurden mit ‚Early Star‘ als Vatersorte gekreuzt. Die Keimrate wurde sowohl vom Entwicklungsstadium der Pflanze als auch des Embryos beeinflusst. Der Reifegrad der Frucht war ein entscheidender Faktor für die Infektionsrate, die mit der Reife anstieg. Die in-ovule Embryonenkultivierung mit dem Murashige-Skoog-Medium ohne Hormonzugabe verbesserte die Embryogröße, erhöhte aber aufgrund des weiteren Anstiegs der Infektionsrate nicht die Keimrate. Die ex-ovule Embryonenkultivierung mit dem Murashige-Skoog-Medium, angereichert mit BA 1 mg L−1, NAA 0.5 mg L−1, 20 g L−1 Sucrose, 10 g L−1 Sorbitol und 6 g L−1 Agar während der Stratifikation, erhöhte die Embryonenlänge. Die Keimung wurde durchgeführt mit dem Brooks and Hough Medium bei 22 ± 1 °C mit einer 16/8 h hell/dunkel Photoperiode. Die höchste Keimrate (75 %) wurde mit Embryonen mit einer Länge von 3–4 mm nach einer 30-tägigen Stratifikation bei 4 °C erreicht. Embryonen von Früchten in der grün-gelben Phase mit einer Länge von 3–4 mm wurden morphophysiologisch entwickelt, um zweipolige Sämlinge herzustellen, ohne die kombinierte Anwendung von Embryonenkulturen und der Mikrovermehrung.
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Acknowledgements
This research was funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia under the project “Selection of sweet and sour cherry dwarfing rootstocks and development of intensive cultivation technology based on sustainable agricultural principles” (grant number: 31038).
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Dulić, J., Ognjanov, V., Ercisli, S. et al. In vitro Germination of Early Ripening Sweet Cherry Varieties (Prunus avium L.) at Different Fruit Ripening Stages. Erwerbs-Obstbau 58, 113–118 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-016-0265-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-016-0265-y