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Compatibility between Calpurnia aurea leaf extract, attraction aggregation, and attachment pheromone and entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae on viability, growth, and virulence of the pathogen

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Abstract

Metarhizium anisopliae sensu stricto (ss) (Metsch.) Sorok. isolate ICIPE 07 is being developed as biopesticide for the control of ticks. In addition, leaf extracts of Calpurnia aurea Benth, and the attraction aggregation and attachment pheromone (AAAP) are being used as ticks’ attractant. The three agents are being considered for use in combination in an autodissemination approach, whereby ticks that are attracted to semiochemicals are infected with the inoculum. Experiments were therefore conducted to evaluate in vitro the compatibility between C. aurea, AAAP, and the M. anisopliae on vegetative growth, conidial production, and spore viability. Calpurnia aurea leaf extract was compatible with the fungus at all the concentrations tested, whereas AAAP inhibited all the fungal growth parameters. The virulence of M. anisopliae formulated in emulsifiable extracts of C. aurea was also tested against different developmental stages of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus in laboratory bioassays. No significant differences in virulence were observed between M. anisopliae applied alone and M. anisopliae formulated in different concentrations of C. aurea leaf extracts. These results suggest that C. aurea leaf extracts is compatible with M. anisopliae and could be mixed together for “spot-spray” treatments as low-cost and environmental-friendly technology to control ticks in grazing field, while AAAP should be used separately.

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Acknowledgments

The first author received fellowship from the Bioscience Eastern and Central Africa Network (BecANet) and the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA). The authors wish to thank BecANet, CIDA, icipe, and the curator of the Lowveld National Botanical Garden, who gave permission for the collection of plant material. The authors also extend their gratitude to the late Dr. A. Chabi, icipe, for reviewing the manuscript, and Ms Elizabeth Ouna and Ms Barbara Obonyo for their technical assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, GPO, Kenya

    Paulin Nana & Nguya K. Maniania

  2. Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, City Square, Nairobi, Kenya

    Paulin Nana, Rosebella O. Maranga, Hamadi I. Boga & Helen L. Kutima

  3. Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa

    Jacobus N. Eloff

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  1. Paulin Nana
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  2. Nguya K. Maniania
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  3. Rosebella O. Maranga
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  4. Hamadi I. Boga
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  5. Helen L. Kutima
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  6. Jacobus N. Eloff
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Correspondence to Nguya K. Maniania.

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Communicated by M. Brownbridge and M. Traugott.

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Nana, P., Maniania, N.K., Maranga, R.O. et al. Compatibility between Calpurnia aurea leaf extract, attraction aggregation, and attachment pheromone and entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae on viability, growth, and virulence of the pathogen. J Pest Sci 85, 109–115 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-011-0399-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-011-0399-5

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