Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Sporopollenin Microparticle-Based Monolithic Capillary Columns for Liquid Chromatography

  • Original
  • Published:
Chromatographia Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this study, sporopollenin microparticles were used as the stationary phase in chromatography for the first time. Sporopollenin microparticles were incorporated into a mixture containing hexyl methacrylate and ethylene dimethacrylate monoliths to enhance the liquid chromatographic separation of different molecules. Five columns with increasing amounts of sporopollenin, from 0 to 3.0 mg mL−1, were prepared by thermal polymerization in 0.32 mm i.d. × 150 mm fused silica tubing. The morphology of the columns was thoroughly characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy. The chromatographic properties were investigated and the columns were successfully applied to assess the separation efficiency of different mixtures. The results showed that incorporation of sporopollenin microparticles reduced the retention and enhanced the column efficiency by a factor of up to 5. This effect also corresponded to an improved resolution and a full separation of the solutes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Svec F, Fréchet JMJ (1992) Continuous rods of macroporous polymer as high-performance liquid chromatography separation media. Anal Chem 64:820–822

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Li Y, Tolley HD, Lee ML (2011) Preparation of monoliths from single crosslinking monomers for reversed-phase capillary chromatography of small molecules. J Chromatogr A 1218:1399–1408

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Aqel A, ALOthman ZA, Yusuf K, Badjah-Hadj-Ahmed A, Alwarthan AA (2014) Preparation and evaluation of benzyl methacrylate monoliths for capillary chromatography. J Chromatogr Sci 52:201–210

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Buchmeiser MR (2007) Polymeric monolithic materials: syntheses, properties, functionalization and applications. Polymer 48:2187–2198

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Moore PD, Webb JA, Collinson ME (1999) Pollen analysis, 2nd edn. Blackwell, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  6. Kessler R, Harley M (2004) Pollen: the hidden sexuality of flowers. Papadakis, London, p 264

    Google Scholar 

  7. Stanley RG, Linskens HF (1974) Pollen: biology, biochemistry, management. Springer, Berlin

    Book  Google Scholar 

  8. Domínguez E, Mercado JA, Quesada MA, Heredia A (1998) Isolation of intact pollen exine using anhydrous hydrogen fluoride. Grana 37:93–96

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Ahlers F, Lambert J, Wiermann R (1999) Structural elements of sporopollenin from the pollen of Torreya californica Torr. (Gymnospermae): using the 1H NMR technique. Z Naturforsch 54:492

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Shaw G (1971) In: Brooks J, Muir M, Gijzel PV, Shaw G (eds) Sporopollenin. Academic, London, pp 305–348

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  11. Brooks J, Muir MD, Shaw G (1973) Chemistry and morphology of precambrian microorganisms. Nature 244:215–217

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Boavida LC, Becker JD, Feijo JA (2005) The making of gametes in higher plants. Int J Dev Biol 49:595–614

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Blackwell LJ (2007) Sporopollenin exines as a novel drug delivery system. PhD thesis, University of Hull, UK

  14. Atkin SL, Beckett ST, Mackenzie G (2010) Uses of sporopollenin. US Patent 7,846,654 B2

  15. Seltow P (2003) Spore germination. Curr Opin Microbiol 6:550–556

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Aqel A, Yusuf K, Al-Othman ZA, Badjah-Hadj-Ahmed A, Alwarthan AA (2012) Effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes incorporation into benzyl methacrylate monolithic columns in capillary liquid chromatography. Analyst 137:4309–4317

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Chambers SD, Svec F, Fréchet JMJ (2011) Incorporation of carbon nanotubes in porous polymer monolithic capillary columns to enhance the chromatographic separation of small molecules. J Chromatogr A 1218:2546–2552

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Erzengin M, Ünlü N, Odabaşı M (2011) A novel adsorbent for protein chromatography: supermacroporous monolithic cryogel embedded with Cu2+-attached sporopollenin particles. J Chromatogr A 1218:484–490

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Fu YY, Yang CX, Yan XP (2013) Incorporation of metal–organic framework UiO-66 into porous polymer monoliths to enhance the liquid chromatographic separation of small molecules. Chem Commun 49:7162–7164

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Huang HY, Lin CL, Wu CY, Cheng YJ, Lin CH (2013) Metal organic framework-organic polymer monolith stationary phases for capillary electrochromatography and nano-liquid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 779:96–103

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the financial support of this work by King Saud University through National Plan for Science and Technology grant # NPST 14-ADV931-02.

Conflict of interest

The authors of this publication has research support by King Saud University through National Plan for Science and Technology grant # NPST 14-ADV931-02. The terms of this arrangement have been reviewed and approved by King Saud University at Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in accordance with its policy on objectivity in research.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Ahmad Aqel, Kareem Yusuf, Zeid A. ALOthman & A. Yacine Badjah-Hadj-Ahmed

Authors
  1. Ahmad Aqel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Kareem Yusuf
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Zeid A. ALOthman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. A. Yacine Badjah-Hadj-Ahmed
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kareem Yusuf.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Aqel, A., Yusuf, K., ALOthman, Z.A. et al. Sporopollenin Microparticle-Based Monolithic Capillary Columns for Liquid Chromatography. Chromatographia 78, 481–486 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-015-2861-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-015-2861-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation