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Refugial role of urbanized areas and colonization potential for declining Crested Lark (Galerida cristata) populations in the Czech Republic, Central Europe

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Abstract

Urban environment is only rarely considered an exclusive refuge for rapidly declining bird species. Crested Lark (Galerida cristata) is a species in Central Europe whose synanthropization began in the second half of the twentieth century due to dramatic changes in agriculture and landscape structure. We analyze how changes in these distribution patterns mirror landscape structures and demonstrate colonization potential from adjacent refuges. We used the Czech Breeding Bird Atlas data from two periods, 1985–1989 and 2001–2003, to model distribution change patterns for Crested Larks in two parts of the country, Bohemia and Moravia. Mapping quadrats comprised the sampling units, and binomial species presence or absence was used to model the change patterns using generalized linear models while considering landscape structure, demographic data and dominant habitat attributes as predictors. Despite similar attributes of landscape structures in Bohemia and Moravia, Crested Larks clearly differed in their extinction patterns. Within isolated Bohemia, the remnant subpopulations were restricted to early successional stands around commercial areas in urban zones. In Moravia, only altitude appeared related to the species’ disappearance. Moravia is connected at the south to the Pannonian Plain with stable or increasing Crested Lark populations, which we consider responsible for the significantly higher number of newly occupied quadrats in Moravia. Our results indicate the more isolated Bohemian population is more prone to extinction than is the Moravian population with its greater colonization potential. The study notes a rare example of urban zones serving as refuges for a bird species demanding early successional stands.

Zusammenfassung

Die Rolle verstädterter Bereiche als Zufluchtsgebiete und das Besiedlungspotenzial für Populationen der Haubenlerche ( Galerida cristata ) in Tschechien, Mitteleuropa Eine städtische Umwelt wird nur selten als exklusives Zufluchtsgebiet für rapide abnehmende Vogelarten betrachtet. Die Haubenlerche (Galerida cristata) ist eine Art in Mitteleuropa, deren Synanthropisierung in der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts aufgrund dramatischer Veränderungen von Landwirtschaft und Landschaftsstruktur begann. Wir analysieren, inwieweit Veränderungen in diesen Verbreitungsmustern Landschaftsstrukturen widerspiegeln, und zeigen das Besiedlungspotenzial von benachbarten Zufluchtsgebieten auf. Wir haben Daten aus dem tschechischen Brutvogelatlas für zwei Zeiträume, 1985–1989 und 2001–2003, verwendet, um Veränderungen in den Verbreitungsmustern von Haubenlerchen in zwei Landesteilen, Böhmen und Mähren, zu modellieren. Die Erfassungseinheiten bestanden aus Kartierungsquadraten, und die binomiale An- oder Abwesenheit der Art wurde benutzt, um die Veränderungsmuster mit Hilfe generalisierter linearer Modelle zu modellieren, mit Landschaftsstruktur, demographischen Daten und dominanten Habitateigenschaften als Vorhersagevariablen. Trotz ähnlicher Merkmale von Landschaftsstrukturen in Böhmen und Mähren unterschieden sich Haubenlerchen deutlich in ihren Aussterbemustern. Im isolierten Böhmen waren die übriggebliebenen Subpopulationen auf frühe Sukzessionsflächen um städtische Gewerbegebiete herum begrenzt. In Mähren schien lediglich die Höhenlage mit dem Verschwinden der Art in Verbindung zu stehen. Mähren ist im Süden mit der Pannonischen Tiefebene verbunden, wo Haubenlerchenpopulationen stabil sind oder zunehmen, was wir für die signifikant höheren Anzahlen neu besiedelter Quadrate verantwortlich machen. Unsere Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass die stärker isolierte böhmische Population eher Gefahr läuft auszusterben als die Population in Mähren mit ihrem größeren Besiedlungspotenzial. Diese Studie stellt ein seltenes Beispiel für Stadtzonen dar, die als Zufluchtsgebiete für eine Vogelart dienen, die auf frühe Sukzessionsflächen angewiesen ist.

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Acknowledgments

We acknowledge the anonymous referees for their constructive comments. We owe special thanks to Gale A. Kirking of English Editorial Services for his useful linguistic advice. This study was funded by the Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague (CIGA Grant No. 42300/1313/3116).

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Correspondence to Petra Šímová.

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Communicated by T. Gottschalk.

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Šímová, P., Šťastný, K. & Šálek, M. Refugial role of urbanized areas and colonization potential for declining Crested Lark (Galerida cristata) populations in the Czech Republic, Central Europe. J Ornithol 156, 915–921 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-015-1203-8

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