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Phylogenetic origin of the endemic pigeons from Madeira (Columba trocaz) and Azores Islands (Columba palumbus azorica)

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Abstract

This study addresses for the first time the issue of pigeon (genus Columba) phylogeny within the archipelagos of Madeira (Columba trocaz) and Azores (C. palumbus azorica), located in the singular biogeographic area of Macaronesia. The phylogeny of these endemic pigeons was inferred based on mitochondrial (cytochrome b and cytochrome c oxidase I) and nuclear (β-fibrinogen intron 7) genetic markers through multiple approaches. Despite the non-monophyletic pattern for the insular endemic species recovered in the phylogenies, topology tests presented somewhat different results. C. trocaz, the Madeiran endemic species, clustered strongly with the Canarian endemic C. bollii, and these two are thus more closely related to each other than C. bollii to C. junoniae, the other endemic species of Canary Islands, which seems to have diverged independently. Moreover, C. trocaz was found to be phylogenetically closer to C. bollii than to C. palumbus from mainland Europe and Azores Islands. No genetic differentiation was found between the continental C. p. palumbus and the endemic C. p. azorica, which suggests a relatively recent colonisation event of the Azores Islands.

Zusammenfassung

Phylogenetische Ursprünge endemischer Taubenarten auf Madeira ( Columba trocaz ) und den Azoren ( Columba palumbus azorica )

Diese Studie untersucht erstmalig phylogenetische Fragen bei Tauben (Gattung Columba) auf den Inselgruppen Madeira (Columba trocaz) und Azoren (C. palumbus azorica) in der biogeografischen Region Makaronesien. Die Phylogenie dieser endemischen Taubenarten wurde mittels multipler Ansätze auf der Grundlage mitochondrialer (Cytochrom b und Cytochrom-c-Oxidase I) und nukleärer (β-Fibrinogen Intron 7) genetischer Marker rekonstruiert. Obwohl sich in den Phylogenien ein nicht-monophyletisches Muster für die endemischen Inselarten zeigte, führten die Topologie-Tests zu etwas abweichenden Ergebnissen. C. trocaz, die für Madeira endemische Art, war eng mit dem kanarischen Endemiten C. bollii gruppiert; somit sind diese beiden näher miteinander verwandt als C. bollii und C. junoniae, der anderen endemischen Art der Kanaren, welche sich unabhängig davon entwickelt zu haben scheint. Außerdem zeigte sich, dass C. trocaz phylogenetisch C. bollii näher steht als C. palumbus des Europäischen Festlandes und der Azoren. Es gab keine genetische Differenzierung zwischen der Festlandform C. p. palumbus und dem endemischen Taxon C. p. azorica, was für eine erst relativ kürzlich erfolgte Besiedlung der Azoren spricht.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Dr. J. Faustino (Direcção Geral dos Recursos Florestais, Portugal), Prof. José Madeira (Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal), Conseil Régional de La Chasse d’Aquitaine (France) and Federación Guipuzcoana de Caza (Spain) for providing biological samples for this study. We would like to thank the two anonymous reviewers for providing useful comments on the manuscript. Margarida Alexandra Duarte participation was supported by a PhD grant FCT (SFRH/BD/70646/2010), Patricia Marrero was supported by a postdoctoral grant of the Spanish Minister of Education, Cristiane Bastos-Silveira was supported by a postdoctoral grant FCT (SFRH/BPD/26612/2005) and Octávio S. Paulo was supported by the grant FCT and FEDER (POCTI/BSE/48365/2002).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal

    Catarina G. Dourado, Margarida Alexandra Duarte, Ana Rita Grosso & Deodália Dias

  2. Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM-Lisboa), 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal

    Catarina G. Dourado, Margarida Alexandra Duarte, Cristiane Bastos-Silveira & Deodália Dias

  3. Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência, Rua da Escola Politécnica, 58, 1250-102, Lisboa, Portugal

    Margarida Alexandra Duarte & Cristiane Bastos-Silveira

  4. Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, IPNA-CSIC, E 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain

    Patricia Marrero

  5. School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England

    Patricia Marrero

  6. Parque Natural da Madeira (PNM), Quinta do Bom Sucesso, Caminho do Meio, 9050-251, Funchal, Portugal

    Paulo Oliveira

  7. Computational Biology and Population Genomics Group (CoBiG²), Centro de Biologia Ambiental (CBA), Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal

    Catarina G. Dourado & Octávio S. Paulo

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  1. Catarina G. Dourado
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  2. Margarida Alexandra Duarte
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Dourado, C.G., Duarte, M.A., Grosso, A.R. et al. Phylogenetic origin of the endemic pigeons from Madeira (Columba trocaz) and Azores Islands (Columba palumbus azorica). J Ornithol 155, 71–82 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-013-0988-6

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