Abstract
Objectives
To compare physiological noise contributions in cerebellar and cerebral regions of interest in high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data acquired at 7T, to estimate the need for physiological noise removal in cerebellar fMRI.
Materials and methods
Signal fluctuations in high resolution (1 mm isotropic) 7T fMRI data were attributed to one of the following categories: task-induced BOLD changes, slow drift, signal changes correlated with the cardiac and respiratory cycles, signal changes related to the cardiac rate and respiratory volume per unit of time or other. \(R_{\text{adj}}^{2}\) values for all categories were compared across regions of interest.
Results
In this high-resolution data, signal fluctuations related to the phase of the cardiac cycle and cardiac rate were shown to be significant, but comparable between cerebellar and cerebral regions of interest. However, respiratory related signal fluctuations were increased in the cerebellar regions, with explained variances that were up to 80 % higher than for the primary motor cortex region.
Conclusion
Even at a millimetre spatial resolution, significant correlations with both cardiac and respiratory RETROICOR components were found in all healthy volunteer data. Therefore, physiological noise correction is highly likely to improve the temporal signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for cerebellar fMRI at 7T, even at high spatial resolution.
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by Centre d’Imagerie BioMédicale (CIBM) of the UNIL, UNIGE, HUG, CHUV, EPFL, and the Leenaards and Jeantet Foundations, the Portuguese Science Foundation (FCT) through grant SFRH/BD/51449/2011 to JJ and by a project grant of the Swiss National Science Foundation (31003A_153070) to WvdZ.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethical standard
All human and animal studies have been approved by the appropriate ethics committee and have therefore been performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. All volunteers provided written informed consent prior to their participation.
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van der Zwaag, W., Jorge, J., Butticaz, D. et al. Physiological noise in human cerebellar fMRI. Magn Reson Mater Phy 28, 485–492 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10334-015-0483-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10334-015-0483-6