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Étude physicochimique et biologique des polysaccharides hydrosolubles de Plantago notata Lagasca (Plantaginaceae)

Chemical composition and bioactivity of water-soluble polysaccharides from leaves of Plantago notata Lagasca (Plantaginaceae)

  • Pharmacognosie
  • Published:
Phytothérapie

Résumé

L’extrait de polysaccharides hydrosolubles des feuilles de Plantago notata Lagasca (Plantaginaceae), une plante spontanée à caractère médicinal récoltée dans la région de Ghardaïa (Sahara septentrional Est algérien), est obtenu par extraction à l’eau distillée, à la température ambiante pendant 24 heures, après élimination de l’extrait d’éthanol. Le rendement massique de cet extrait est de 2%. L’étude de la composition de l’extrait brut des polysaccharides hydrosolubles après lyophilisation, révèle 8,33 ± 1,05% de cendres totales, 12,49 ± 1,61% de protéines totales et 77,03 ± 3,13% d’oses totaux. Parmi les oses, se retrouvent 61,35 ± 2,13% d’oses neutres et 15,66 ± 1,06% sont des oses acides. Les conditions optimales d’hydrolyse des polysaccharides hydrosolubles utilisent l’acide trifluoroacétique 4 M pendant 5 heures à 80°C. L’analyse par chromatographie échangeuse d’anions de haute performance à détecteur ampérométrique pulsé (HPAEC-PAD), des oses constitutifs des polysaccharides hydrosolubles donne 43,95% de galactose, 20,28% de rhamnose, 11,30% de glucose, 9,55% d’arabinose et 12,57% d’acide galacturonique. L’hydrolysat partiel des polysaccharides hydrosolubles stimule de manière significative la croissance de la souche Lactobacillus casei, avec une activité inférieure à celle du mélange de RP95, prébiotique de référence. L’hydrolysat est sans effet sur la souche Escherichia coli. L’action prébiotique d’hydrolysat partiel des polysaccharides hydrosolubles sur Lactobacillus casei, est appréciable.

Abstract

Plantago notata Lagasca (Plantaginaceae), a spontaneous plant used as a traditional medicine in Ghardaïa (Septentrional Sahara Algerian). This paper reports the extraction and partial characterization of water-soluble polysaccharides from P. notata leaves. These polysaccharides were obtained by elimination of the ethanol extract and sequential extraction in distilled water, followed by precipitation in 75 % ethanol. The yield of extract is 2,0% (w/w). The crude water soluble polysaccharide extracts were further characterized and revealed the average values 08,33 ±1,05% ashes, 12,49±1,61% proteins and 77,03±3,13% carbohydrates, among them 15,66±1,06% are uronic acid and 61,35±2,13% are neutral monosaccharides. A single hydrolytic step with 4M TFA at 80°C for 4 h is suggested to be more effective in releasing monomers from polysaccharides than other hydrolysis procedures. The identification of monosaccharide composition by high performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) method shows 43,95% of galactose, 20,28% of rhamnose, 11,30% of glucose 9,55% of arabinose, and 12,57% of galacturonic acid. Partial hydrolyzate of water-soluble polysaccharides was found to have a growth stimulatory effect on Lactobacillus casei less than that of fructo-oligosaccharide (RP95). However, the hydrolyzate has no effect on the Escherichia coli strain. The present study shows that partial hydrolyzate of watersoluble polysaccharides stimulates the growth of L. casei bacteria, and that partial hydrolyzate of water-soluble polysaccharides has potential use as a prebiotic health-food.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Université Kasdi Merbah-Ouargla, laboratoire protection des écosystèmes en zones arides et semi-arides, 30000, Ouargla, Algérie

    Z. Boual, T. Chouana, A. Kemassi, A. Hamid Oudjana, M. Daddi Bouhoun & M. D. Ould El Hadj

  2. Laboratoire de génie chimique et biochimique, université Blaise Pascal - CUST, 24, avenue des Landais, BP 206, 63174, Aubière cedex, France

    P. Michaud

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  1. Z. Boual
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  2. T. Chouana
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  3. A. Kemassi
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  4. A. Hamid Oudjana
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  5. M. Daddi Bouhoun
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  6. P. Michaud
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  7. M. D. Ould El Hadj
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Correspondence to Z. Boual.

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Boual, Z., Chouana, T., Kemassi, A. et al. Étude physicochimique et biologique des polysaccharides hydrosolubles de Plantago notata Lagasca (Plantaginaceae). Phytothérapie 13, 396–402 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10298-015-0985-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10298-015-0985-4

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