Abstract
A bioassay method for allelopathy, the ‘protoplast co-culture method’ was developed to study the relationship between salt tolerance and allelopathy of three mangrove species, Sonneratia alba, S. caseolaris, and S. ovata. Plants of S. alba grow in the seaward-side high salinity region and plants of the latter two species grow in upstream-side regions of a mangrove forest, respectively. Effects of five sea salts (NaCl, KCl, MgCl2, MgSO4 and CaCl2) on the growth of the suspension cells of the latter two species were first investigated by a small-scale method using 24-well culture plates. S. ovata cells showed higher tolerance than S. caseolaris cells to NaCl and other salts, but were not as halophilic as S. alba cells. Protoplasts isolated from suspension cells were co-cultured with lettuce protoplasts in Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) basal medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 0.1 μM benzyladenine, 3 % sucrose and 0.6–0.8 M osmoticum. S. caseolaris protoplasts had a higher inhibitory effect on lettuce protoplast cell divisions than S. alba protoplasts at any lettuce protoplast density, and the effect of S. ovata was intermediate between the two. These results were similar to those obtained from a different in vitro bioassay method for allelopathy, the ‘sandwich method’ with dried leaves. The inverse relationship between allelopathic activity and salt tolerance in suspension cells of Sonneratia mangroves is discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Chou CH (2006) Introduction to allelopathy. In: Reigosa MJ, Pedrol N, Gonza’lez L (eds) Allelopathy: a physiological process with ecological implications. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 1–9
Duke NC (1992) Mangrove floristics and biogeography. In: Robertson AI, Alongi DM (eds) Coastal and estuarine studies 41, tropical mangrove ecosystems. American Geophysical Union, Washington, pp 63–100
Fujii Y (2003) Allelopathy in the natural and agricultural ecosystems and isolation of potent allelochemicals from Velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens) and Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa). Biol Sci Space 17:1–8
Fujii Y, Parvez SS, Parvez MM, Ohmae Y, Iida O (2003) Screening of 239 medicinal plant species for allelopathic activity using the sandwich method. Weed Biol Manag 3:233–241
Fujii Y, Shibuya T, Nakatani K, Itani T, Hiradate S, Parvez MM (2004) Assessment method for allelopathic effect from leaf litter leachates. Weed Biol Manag 4:19–23
Fukumoto T, Nakamura T, Suzuki M, Ogita S, Mimura T, Sasamoto H (2004) Different effects of four salts and pHs on protoplast cultures of a mangrove, Bruguiera sexangula suspension cells, Populus alba leaves and tobacco BY-2 cells. Plant Biotechnol 21:177–182
Hasegawa A, Oyanagi T, Hayamizu S, Fujise K and Sasamoto H (2011) Halophilic or inhibitory effects of salts ingredient of sea water on induction and proliferation of suspension cells of mangrove tree species, Sonneratia caseolaris and Caesalpinia crista. Proceedings of the 75th Annual Meeting of the Botanical Society of Japan, p 219
Hasegawa A, Oyanagi T, Fujise K, Minagwa R, Sasamoto H (2012) Analysis of effects of salts ingredients of sea water and bioassay of allelopathy by protoplast method, using cell culture system of Sonneratia ovata. Proceedings of 18th Annual Meeting of Japan Mangrove Society, p 18
Hasegawa A, Kurita A, Hayashi S, Fukumoto T, Sasamoto H (2013) Halophilic and salts tolerant protoplast cultures of mangrove plants, Sonneratia alba and Avicennia alba. Plant Biotechnol Rep 7:205–209
Hayashi S, Kuriyama S, Kawana Y, Hasegawa A, Kurita A, Minagawa R, Sasamoto H (2009) Stimulatory effects of sea salts on cell growth in liquid culture of Avicenniaceae mangrove. Plant Biotechnol 26:561–564
Kawana Y, Sasamoto H (2008) Stimulation effects of salts on growth in suspension culture of a mangrove plant, Sonneratia alba, compared with another mangrove, Bruguiera sexangula and non-mangrove tobacco BY-2 cells. Plant Biotechnol 25:151–155
Kawana Y, Yamamoto R, Mochida Y, Suzuki K, Baba S, Sasamoto H (2007) Generation and maintenance of suspension cultures from cotyledons and their organogenic potential of two mangrove species, Sonneratia alba and S. caseolaris. Plant Biotechnol Rep 1:219–226
Kawana Y, Kaai F, Sasamoto H (2009) Abscisic acid stimulates cell divisions in cultures of protoplasts isolated from cotyledons and suspension cells of a mangrove plant, Sonneratia alba: small-scale measurements of abscisic acid and gibberellins in protoplasts. Mangrove Sci 6:9–15
Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassay with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 15:473–497
Sasamoto H, Ashihara H (2014) Effect of nicotinic acid, nicotinamide and trigonelline on the proliferation of lettuce cells derived from protoplasts. Phytochem Lett 7:38–41
Sasamoto H, Murashige-Baba T, Inoue A, Sato T, Hayashi S, Hasegawa A (2013) Development of a new method for bioassay of allelopathy using protoplasts of a leguminous plant Mucuna pruriens with a high content of the allelochemical L-DOPA. J Plant Stud 2:71–80
Spalding M, Kainuma M, Collins L (2010) World atlas of mangroves. Earthscan, USA
Tomlinson PB (1986) The botany of mangroves. Cambridge University Press, New York
Wu SB, Wen Y, Li XW, Zhao Y, Zhao Z, Hu JF (2009) Chemical constituents from the fruits of Sonneratia caseolaris and Sonneratia ovata (Sonneratiaceae). Biochem Syst Ecol 37:1–5
Xin K, Zhou Q, Armdt SK, Yang X (2013) Invasive capacity of the mangrove Sonneratia apetala in Hainan island, China. J Trop For Sci 25:70–78
Yamamoto R, Kawana Y, Minagawa R, Sasamoto H (2009) Effects of carbon and nitrogen sources on induction of cell proliferation in tissue cultures of a mangrove plant, Sonneratia caseolaris. Mangrove Sci 6:1–8
Acknowledgments
The authors thank Prof. E. C. Yeung of the University of Calgary for his valuable suggestions on the manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hasegawa, A., Oyanagi, T., Minagawa, R. et al. An inverse relationship between allelopathic activity and salt tolerance in suspension cultures of three mangrove species, Sonneratia alba, S. caseolaris and S. ovata: development of a bioassay method for allelopathy, the protoplast co-culture method. J Plant Res 127, 755–761 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-014-0651-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-014-0651-1