Abstract
Complex organizations need to manage a large amount of information that their employees produce and use in the form of documents: therefore, information systems are adopted to access these documents in electronic format (e-documents) through Intranet or Internet. These documents are composed, organized and annotated in different ways according to the rules adopted by specific professional communities. Such rules reflect the different and peculiar culture and skills of the communities producing them. The large amount of information available today can be potentially accessed in real time. This has increased the need for syntactic and semantic characterization of documents and for tools that allow their effective access and exploitation on the Net, their easy retrieval and management, their annotation to adapt and personalize them on the base of users’ characteristics and diversities. This paper describes the approach adopted for the Web Indexing Language (WIL) system, a system conceived for supporting users interactivity during editing, indexing, and annotating e-documents on the basis of conventions adopted for their production and distribution. In particular, the approach capitalizes on the notion that the document layout reflects the relationships among the different semantic components of the document. The model and the architecture of the WIL system aim at improving e-document indexing, searching, editing and annotating, and at exploiting the description of the logical structure of the document itself to squeeze the information about the document content which are usually grasped by a reader at a glance.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Green, T.R.G., Petre, M.: Usability analysis of visual programming environments: a ‘cognitive dimensions’ framework. J. Visual Lang. Comput. 7(2), 131–174 (1996). (special issue on HCI in visual programming)
Bottoni, P., Costabile, M.F., Levialdi, S., Mussio, P.: Specifying dialog control in visual interactive systems. J. Visual Lang. Comput. 9, 535–564 (1998)
Ferri, F., Grifoni, P., Padula, M.: Using shape to index and query web document content. J. Visual Lang. Comput. 13, 355–373 (2002)
Boiko, B.: The Content Management Bible. Wiley, New York (2004)
Padula, M., Reggiori, A.: Art teams up with technology through the net. ACM Int. 6(4), 40–50 (1999)
Shamber, L.: What is a document? Rethinking the concept in uneasy times. J. ASIS 47(9), 669–671 (1996)
Zhao, R., Grosky, W.I.: Narrowing the semantic gap-improved text-based web document retrieval using visual features. IEEE Trans. Multimedia 4(2), 189–200 (2002)
Deerwester, S., Dumais, S.T., Furnas, G.W., Landauer, T.K., Harshman, R.: Indexing by latent semantic analysis. J. ASIS 41(6), 391–407 (1990)
Tao, Y., Grosky, W.I.: Spatial color indexing using rotation, translation, and scale invariant anglograms. Multimedia Tools Appl. 15(3), 247–268 (2001)
Zhao, R., Grosky, W.I.: Negotiating the semantic gap: from feature maps to semantic landscapes. Pattern Recognit. 35(3), 593–600 (2002)
Dourish, P., Edwards, W.K., Lamarca, A., Lamping, J., Petersen, K., Salisbury, M., Terry, D.B., Thornton, J.: Extending document management systems with user-specific active properties. ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. 18(2), 140–170 (2000)
Johnson, W., Jellinek, H., Klotz, L. Jr., Rao, R., Card, S.: Bridging the paper and electronic worlds: the paper user interface. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Amsterdam, 24–29 April 1993
Gaines, B.R., Shaw, M.L.G.: Open architecture multimedia documents. In: Proceedings of ACM Multimedia ’93 (1993)
Gaines, B.R., Shaw, M.L.G.: Embedding formal knowledge models in active documents. Commun. ACM 42(1), 57–63 (1999)
Pedauque, R.T.: Document: form, sign and medium, as reformulated for electronic documents. Working Paper STIC-CNRS. http://archivesic.ccsd.cnrs.fr/sic_00000594.html, original French version: http://archivesic.ccsd.cnrs.fr/documents/archives0/00/00/05/11/index_fr.html, Version 3, 8 July 2003
Jensen, J.: Interactivity—tracking a new concept in media and communication studies. In: Mayer, P. (ed.) Computer Media and Communication—A Reader. Oxford University Press, Oxford (1999)
Rafaeli, S.: Interactivity: from new media to communication. In: Hawkins, R.P., Wiemann, J.M., Pingree, S. (eds.) Advancing Communication Science: Merging Mass and Interpersonal Processes. Sage, Newbury Park (1988)
Rogers, E.M.: Communication Technology. The New Media in Society, New York (1986)
Szuprowicz, B.O.: Multimedia Networking. McGraw-Hill, New York (1995)
Laurel, B.: Interface as mimesis. In: Norman, D.A., Draper, S. (eds.) User Centered System Design: New Perspectives on Human–Computer Interaction. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale (1986)
Laurel, B.: Interface agents: metaphors with character. In: Laurel, B. (ed.) The Art of Human–Computer Interface Design. Addison-Wesley, Reading (1990)
Goertz, L.: Wie interaktiv sind Medien? Auf dem Weg zu einer Definition von Interaktivitat. Rundfunk und Fernsehen 43(4), 477–493 (1995)
Heeter, C.: Implications of new interactive technologies for conceptualizing communication. In: Salvaggio, J.L., Bryant, J. (eds.) Media Use in the Information Age: Emerging Patterns of Adoption and Consumer Use. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale (1989)
Bordewijk, J.L., van Kaam, B.: Towards a new classification of teleinformation services. Intermedia 14(1), 16–21 (1986)
Hutchins, E.L., Hollan, J.D., Norman, D.: Direct manipulation interfaces. In: Norman, D., Draper, S. (eds.) User Centred System Design. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale (1986)
Andersen, P.B.: What semiotics can and cannot do for HCI. Knowledge based systems, vol. 14, pp. 419–424. Elsevier, Amsterdam (2001)
De Souza, C.S.: Semiotic engineering: bringing designers and users together at interaction time. Interact. Comput. 17, 317–341 (2005)
Abowd, G.D., Beale, R.: Users, systems and interfaces: a unifying framework for interaction. In: Diaper, D., Hammond, N. (eds.) HCI’91: People and Computers VI, pp. 73–87. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1991)
Barnard, P., May, J., Duke, D., Duce, D.: Systems, interactions, and macrotheory. ACM Trans. Human–Comput. Interact. 7(2), 222–262 (2000)
Lober, W.B., Brinkley, J.M.: A portable image annotation tool for web-based anatomy atlases. In: Proceedings of the AMIA 1999 Annual Symposium, Washington (1999)
Lober, W.B., Brinkley, J.M.: A personal annotated image server. In: Proceedings of the AMIA 2000 Annual Symposium, Los Angeles (2000)
Lober, W.B., Trigg, L.J., Bliss, D., Brinkley, J.M.: IML: an image markup language. In: Proceedings of the AMIA 2001 Annual Symposium, Washington (2001)
Chronaki, C.E., Zabulis, X., Orphanoudakis, S.C.: I2Cnet medical image annotation service. Med. Inform. 22(4), 337–347 (1997)
Schroeter, R., Hunter, J., Kosovic, D.: Vannotea—a collaborative video indexing, annotation and discussion system for broadband networks. In: Proceedings of the K-CAP 2003, Sanibel, 23–25 October 2003
Bargeron, D., Gupta, A., Grudin, J., Sanocki, E.: Annotations for streaming video on the web: system design and usage studies. Technical Report, Microsoft Research. http://research.microsoft.com/research/coet/MRAS/www8/paper.htm (1999)
Bottoni, P., Costabile, M.F., Mussio, P.: Specification and dialogue control of visual interaction through visual rewriting systems. ACM TOPLAS 21(6), 1077–1136 (1999)
Bray, T., Paoli, J., Sperberg-McQueen, C.M.: eXtensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0. http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-XML-19980210.html, Feb 1998
Kipelainen, P., Mannila, H.: Retrieval from hierarchical text by partial patterns. In: Proceedings of ACM-SIGIR’93 (1993)
Bottoni, P., Civica, R., Levialdi, S., Orso, L., Panizzi, E., Trinchese, R.: MADCOW: a multimedia digital annotation system. In: Costabile, M.F. (ed.) Proceedings of AVI 2004, pp. 55–62. ACM Press (2004)
Bottoni, P., Civica, R., Levialdi, S., Panizzi, E., Orso, L., Trinchese, R.: Storing and retrieving multimedia web notes. In: Proceedings of DNIS ’05, Aizu, Japan, 28–30 March 2005
Fogli, D., Fresta, G., Mussio, P.: On electronic annotation and its implementation. In: Costabile, M.F. (ed.) Proceedings of AVI 2004, pp. 98–102. ACM Press (2004)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bottoni, P., Ferri, F., Grifoni, P. et al. e-Document management in situated interactivity: the WIL approach. Univ Access Inf Soc 8, 137–153 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-008-0142-z
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-008-0142-z