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Manta ray opens and closes cephalic fin that is closer to the wall on reaching the wall (WMV 76596 kb)
Manta ray opens cephalic fin when passing a white pole/novel object (AVI 8477 kb)
Manta ray opens cephalic fin when passing a board at the side of tank/novel object (WMV 12658 kb)
Manta ray using opened cephalic fins to channel plankton into its mouth (AVI 9732 kb)
Male manta ray touches the back of a female manta ray with its cephalic fin (WMV 14017 kb)
Male manta ray closely follows a female manta ray with opened cephalic fins (”forming a train”) (WMV 28799 kb)
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Ari, C., Laros, K., Balcombe, J. et al. Understanding the behavior of manta rays: answer to a critique. J Ethol 35, 149–152 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10164-016-0497-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10164-016-0497-1