Skip to main content
Log in

Prevalence and incidence of chronic kidney disease stage G5 in Japan

  • Review Article
  • Published:
Clinical and Experimental Nephrology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The prevalence and incidence of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) have continued to increase worldwide. Japan was known as having the highest prevalence of ESKD in the world; however, Taiwan took this place in 2001, with the USA still in third position. However, the prevalence data from Japan and Taiwan consisted of dialysis patients only. The prevalence and incidence of Kidney Transplantation (KT) in Japan were quite low, and the number of KT patients among those with ESKD was regarded as negligibly small. However, the number of KT recipients has increased recently. Furthermore, there are no reports about nationwide surveys on the prevalence and incidence of predialysis chronic kidney failure patients in Japan. This review describes our recent study on the estimated number of chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage G5 patients and the number of ESKD patients living in Japan, obtained via the cooperation of five related medical societies. From the results, as of Dec 31, 2007, 275,242 patients had received dialysis therapy and 10,013 patients had a functional transplanted kidney, and as of Dec 31, 2008, 286,406 patients had received dialysis therapy and 11,157 patients had a functional transplanted kidney. Consequently, there were 285,255 patients with CKD who reached ESKD and were living in Japan in 2008 and 297,563 in 2009. We also estimated that there were 67,000 predialysis CKD stage G5 patients in 2009, 37,365 patients introduced to dialysis therapy, and 101 patients who received pre-emptive renal transplantation in this year. In total, there were 37,466 patients who newly required renal replacement therapy (RRT) in 2009. Not only the average ages, but also the primary renal diseases of the new ESKD patients in each RRT modality were different.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Levey AS, Atkins R, Coresh J, Cohen EP, Collins AJ, Eckardt KU, et al. Chronic kidney disease as a global public health problem: approaches and initiatives—a position statement from Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes. Kidney Int. 2007;72:247–59.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Nakai S, Iseki K, Itami N, Ogata S, Kazama JJ, Kimata N, et al. An overview of regular dialysis treatment in Japan (as of 31 December 2010). Ther Apher Dial. 2012;16:483–521.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Lysaght MJ. Maintenance dialysis population dynamics: current trends and long-term implications. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2002;13(Suppl 1):S37–40.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. System, USRD: USRDS 2009 Annual Data Report: Atlas of Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Renal Disease in the United States. 2009 USRDS Annual data report. Bethesda, MD, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 2009.

  5. JSCRT, JST: Annual Progress report from the Japanese Renal Transplant Registry, 2010. Part III: results from 2009 Recipient Follow-up Survey. Transplantation 2010;45:608–630 (in Japanese).

  6. Foley RN, Collins AJ. The USRDS: what you need to know about what it can and can’t tell us about ESRD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2013;8:845–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Nakai S, Suzuki K, Masakane I, Wada A, Itami N, Ogata S, et al. Overview of regular dialysis treatment in Japan (as of 31 December 2008). Ther Apher Dial. 2010;14:505–40.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Iseki K, Nakai S, Yamagata K, Tsubakihara Y. Tachycardia as a predictor of poor survival in chronic haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2011;26:963–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Yamagata K, Nakai S, Masakane I, Hanafusa N, Iseki K, Tsubakihara Y. Ideal timing and predialysis nephrology care duration for dialysis initiation: from analysis of Japanese dialysis initiation survey. Ther Apher Dial. 2012;16:54–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Nakai S. History of JSDT renal data registry (in Japanese). J Jpn Soc Dial Ther. 2010;43:119–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Harambat J, van Stralen KJ, Kim JJ, Tizard EJ. Epidemiology of chronic kidney disease in children. Pediatr Nephrol. 2012;27:363–73.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Imai E, Horio M, Iseki K, Yamagata K, Watanabe T, Hara S, et al. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the Japanese general population predicted by the MDRD equation modified by a Japanese coefficient. Clin Exp Nephrol. 2007;11:156–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Imai E, Horio M, Watanabe T, Iseki K, Yamagata K, Hara S, et al. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the Japanese general population. Clin Exp Nephrol. 2009;13:621–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Nakayama M, Sato T, Miyazaki M, Matsushima M, Sato H, Taguma Y, et al. Increased risk of cardiovascular events and mortality among non-diabetic chronic kidney disease patients with hypertensive nephropathy: the Gonryo study. Hypertens Res. 2011;34:1106–10.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Nakayama M, Sato T, Sato H, Yamaguchi Y, Obara K, Kurihara I, et al. Different clinical outcomes for cardiovascular events and mortality in chronic kidney disease according to underlying renal disease: the Gonryo study. Clin Exp Nephrol. 2010;14:333–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Nakai S, Iseki K, Itami N, Ogata S, Kazama JJ, Kimata N, et al. Overview of regular dialysis treatment in Japan (as of 31 December 2009). Ther Apher Dial. 2012;16:11–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Imai E, Matsuo S, Makino H, Watanabe T, Akizawa T, Nitta K, et al. Chronic kidney disease Japan cohort (CKD-JAC) study: design and methods. Hypertens Res. 2008;31:1101–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Yamagata K, Makino H, Akizawa T, Iseki K, Itoh S, Kimura K, et al. Design and methods of a strategic outcome study for chronic kidney disease: frontier of renal outcome modifications in Japan. Clin Exp Nephrol. 2010;14:144–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Nakai S, Masakane I, Shigematsu T, Hamano T, Yamagata K, Watanabe Y, et al. An overview of regular dialysis treatment in Japan (as of 31 December 2007). Ther Apher Dial. 2009;13:457–504.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Nakai S, Suzuki K, Masakane I, Wada A, Itami N, Ogata S, et al. Overview of regular dialysis treatment in Japan (as of 31 December 2008). Ther Apher Dial Off Peer Rev J Int Soc Apher Jpn Soc Apher Jpn Soc Dial Ther. 2010;14:505–40.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Nomoto Y, Kawaguchi Y, Kubo H, Hirano H, Sakai S, Kurokawa K. Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: a report of the Japanese Sclerosing Encapsulating Peritonitis Study Group. Am J Kidney Dis. 1996;28:420–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We thank, for all their efforts, the members in 2011–2012 of the committee for kidney failure general measures, subcommittee for CKD measures, and Ms. Chiho Iseki for data management. This study was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Research on the Establishment of a Consulting System to Avoid Progression of CKD, Research on Renal Diseases, from the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare of Japan (H24-intractable-kidney-007).

Conflict of interest

The authors have declared that no Conflict of interest exists.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kunihiro Yamagata.

Members of the committee

Members of the committee

Takashi Akiba (Chairman), Kunihiro Yamagata (vice-chairman), Takashi Yagisawa, Shigeru Nakai, Masaaki Nakayama, Enyu Imai, Motoshi Hattori, Toru Igarashi, Eiji Ishimura, Kunitoshi Iseki, Yoshitomo Itami, Yoahifumi Ubara, Kenji Kasai, Naoki Kimata, Takashi Kenmochi, Mayumi Sako, Hitoshi Sugiyama, Hiromichi Suzuki, Kazunari Tanabe, Yoshiharu Tsubakihara, Shinichi Nishi, Shiro Hinotsu, Makoto Hiramatsu, Tsutomu Furuzono, Takahiro Mochizuki, Kenji Yuzawa, Hitoshi Yokoyama

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Yamagata, K., Yagisawa, T., Nakai, S. et al. Prevalence and incidence of chronic kidney disease stage G5 in Japan. Clin Exp Nephrol 19, 54–64 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10157-014-0978-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10157-014-0978-x

Keywords

Navigation