Abstract
The prevalence and incidence of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) have continued to increase worldwide. Japan was known as having the highest prevalence of ESKD in the world; however, Taiwan took this place in 2001, with the USA still in third position. However, the prevalence data from Japan and Taiwan consisted of dialysis patients only. The prevalence and incidence of Kidney Transplantation (KT) in Japan were quite low, and the number of KT patients among those with ESKD was regarded as negligibly small. However, the number of KT recipients has increased recently. Furthermore, there are no reports about nationwide surveys on the prevalence and incidence of predialysis chronic kidney failure patients in Japan. This review describes our recent study on the estimated number of chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage G5 patients and the number of ESKD patients living in Japan, obtained via the cooperation of five related medical societies. From the results, as of Dec 31, 2007, 275,242 patients had received dialysis therapy and 10,013 patients had a functional transplanted kidney, and as of Dec 31, 2008, 286,406 patients had received dialysis therapy and 11,157 patients had a functional transplanted kidney. Consequently, there were 285,255 patients with CKD who reached ESKD and were living in Japan in 2008 and 297,563 in 2009. We also estimated that there were 67,000 predialysis CKD stage G5 patients in 2009, 37,365 patients introduced to dialysis therapy, and 101 patients who received pre-emptive renal transplantation in this year. In total, there were 37,466 patients who newly required renal replacement therapy (RRT) in 2009. Not only the average ages, but also the primary renal diseases of the new ESKD patients in each RRT modality were different.
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Acknowledgments
We thank, for all their efforts, the members in 2011–2012 of the committee for kidney failure general measures, subcommittee for CKD measures, and Ms. Chiho Iseki for data management. This study was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Research on the Establishment of a Consulting System to Avoid Progression of CKD, Research on Renal Diseases, from the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare of Japan (H24-intractable-kidney-007).
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Takashi Akiba (Chairman), Kunihiro Yamagata (vice-chairman), Takashi Yagisawa, Shigeru Nakai, Masaaki Nakayama, Enyu Imai, Motoshi Hattori, Toru Igarashi, Eiji Ishimura, Kunitoshi Iseki, Yoshitomo Itami, Yoahifumi Ubara, Kenji Kasai, Naoki Kimata, Takashi Kenmochi, Mayumi Sako, Hitoshi Sugiyama, Hiromichi Suzuki, Kazunari Tanabe, Yoshiharu Tsubakihara, Shinichi Nishi, Shiro Hinotsu, Makoto Hiramatsu, Tsutomu Furuzono, Takahiro Mochizuki, Kenji Yuzawa, Hitoshi Yokoyama
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Yamagata, K., Yagisawa, T., Nakai, S. et al. Prevalence and incidence of chronic kidney disease stage G5 in Japan. Clin Exp Nephrol 19, 54–64 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10157-014-0978-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10157-014-0978-x