Abstract
With the global biodiversity crisis, DNA barcoding aims for fast species identification and cryptic species diversity revelation. For more than 10 years, large amounts of DNA barcode data have been accumulating in publicly available databases, most of which were conducted by distance or tree-building methods that have often been argued, especially for cryptic species revelation. In this context, overlooked cryptic diversity may exist in the available barcoding data. The character-based DNA barcoding, however, has a good chance for detecting the overlooked cryptic diversity. In this study, marine mollusk was as the ideal case for detecting the overlooked potential cryptic species from existing cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) sequences with character-based DNA barcode. A total of 1081 COI sequences of mollusks, belonging to 176 species of 25 families of Gastropoda, Cephalopoda, and Lamellibranchia, were conducted by character analysis. As a whole, the character-based barcoding results were consistent with previous distance and tree-building analysis for species discrimination. More importantly, quite a number of species analyzed were divided into distinct clades with unique diagnostical characters. Based on the concept of cryptic species revelation of character-based barcoding, these species divided into separate taxonomic groups might be potential cryptic species. The detection of the overlooked potential cryptic diversity proves that the character-based barcoding mode possesses more advantages of revealing cryptic biodiversity. With the development of DNA barcoding, making the best use of barcoding data is worthy of our attention for species conservation.
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Acknowledgments
The study was supported by research grants from Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and the Natural Science Fund project of Jiangsu Province (BK20150680).
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Figure S1
COI Neighbour joining tree of Caenogastropoda. Taxonomic groups in red might be potential cryptic species and would be analyzed by character-based barcoding. (GIF 92 kb)
Figure S2
COI Neighbour joining tree of venerid species. Taxonomic groups in red might be potential cryptic species and would be analyzed by character-based barcoding. (GIF 112 kb)
Figure S3
Neighbour joining tree of Arcoida species based on COI sequences. Taxonomic groups in red might be potential cryptic species and would be analyzed by character-based barcoding. (GIF 94 kb)
Figure S4
Neighbour joining tree of Atrina pectinata based on COI sequences. Taxonomic groups in red were potential cryptic species revealed by Liu et al. (2011) and would be analyzed by character-based barcoding. (GIF 37 kb)
Table S1
Character-based COI barcodes for 49 defined clades of Caenogastropoda (DOC 151 kb)
Table S2
Character-based COI barcodes for 69 defined clades of marine venerids. (DOC 208 kb)
Table S3
Character-based COI barcodes for 48 defined clades of Arcoida species. (DOC 163 kb)
Table S4
Character-based COI barcodes for 6 defined clades of Atrina pectinata (Bivalvia: Pinnidae). (DOC 38 kb)
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Zou, S., Li, Q. Pay Attention to the Overlooked Cryptic Diversity in Existing Barcoding Data: the Case of Mollusca with Character-Based DNA Barcoding. Mar Biotechnol 18, 327–335 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-016-9692-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-016-9692-x