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Phylogenetic Diversity and Antibacterial Activity of Culturable Fungi Derived from the Zoanthid Palythoa haddoni in the South China Sea

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Abstract

Investigation on diversity of culturable fungi mainly focused on sponges and corals, yet little attention had been paid to the fungal communities associated with zoanthid corals. In this study, a total of 193 culturable fungal strains were isolated from the zoanthid Palythoa haddoni collected in the South China Sea, of which 49 independent isolates were identified using both morphological characteristics and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analyses. Thirty-five strains were selected for phylogenetic analysis based on fungal ITS sequences. The results indicated that 18 genera within eight taxonomic orders of two phyla (seven orders of the phylum Ascomycota and one order of the phylum Basidiomycota) together with one unidentified fungal strain have been achieved, and Cladosporium sp. represented the dominant culturable genus. Particularly, 14 genera were isolated from a zoanthid for the first time. The antibacterial activities of organic extracts of mycelia and fermentation broth of 49 identified fungi were evaluated, and 29 (59.2 %) of the isolates displayed broad-spectrum or selective antibacterial activity. More interestingly, more than 60 % of the active fungal strains showed strong activity against two aquatic pathogenic bacteria Nocardia brasiliensis and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, compared with other pathogenic bacteria, indicating that zoanthid-derived fungi may protect its host against pathogens. This is the first report of systematically phylogenetic diversity and extensively antibacterial activity of zoanthid-derived fungi.

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Acknowledgments

C.-L. S. thanks Dr. A. M. Fenner (William H. Gerwick group, SIO, UCSD) for her proofreading of the manuscript. We acknowledge the funding from the Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41322037; 41130858; 41176121; 81172977) and the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University, Ministry of Education of China (No. NCET-11-0472). In support of much of the work in this manuscript, Prof. Zhi-Gang She (SYSU) kindly provided laboratory space and equipment.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, People’s Republic of China

    Xiao-Yan Qin, Kai-Lin Yang, Chang-Yun Wang & Chang-Lun Shao

  2. College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, People’s Republic of China

    Jing Li

  3. Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, People’s Republic of China

    Chang-Yun Wang

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  1. Xiao-Yan Qin
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Correspondence to Chang-Yun Wang or Chang-Lun Shao.

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Xiao-Yan Qin and Kai-Lin Yang contributed equally to this work.

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Qin, XY., Yang, KL., Li, J. et al. Phylogenetic Diversity and Antibacterial Activity of Culturable Fungi Derived from the Zoanthid Palythoa haddoni in the South China Sea. Mar Biotechnol 17, 99–109 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-014-9598-4

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