Abstract
A simplified technique was developed for DNA sequence-based diagnosis of harmful dinoflagellate species. This protocol integrates procedures for DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification into a single tube. DNA sequencing reactions were performed directly, using unpurified PCR products as the DNA template for subsequent sequencing reactions. PCR reactions using DNA extracted from single cells of Cocodinium polykrikoides and Alexandrium catenella successfully amplified the target ribosomal DNA regions. DNA sequencing of the unpurified PCR products showed that DNA sequences corresponded to the expected locus of ribosomal DNA regions of both A. catenella and C. polykrikoides (each zero genetic distance and 100% sequence similarity). Using the protocol described in this article, there was little DNA loss during the purification step, and the technique was found to be rapid and inexpensive. This protocol clearly resolves the taxonomic ambiguities of closely related algal species (such as Alexandrium and Cochlodinium), and it constitutes a significant breakthrough for the molecular analysis of nonculturable dinoflagellate species.
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Acknowledgments
We thank Ki-Byum Chang, Hyun Hwa Lee, and Syung Hee Hwang for DNA sequencing. We are grateful to anonymous referees for corrections and critical comments. Financial support of this work from the Fund Support Program for Maritime Small and Venture Business from the Ministry of Maritime Affaires & Fisheries (Management No. 00-01-04) is gratefully acknowledged.
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Ki, JS., Jang, G.Y. & Han, MS. Integrated Method for Single-Cell DNA Extraction, PCR Amplification, and Sequencing of Ribosomal DNA from Harmful Dinoflagellates Cochlodinium polykrikoides and Alexandrium catenella. Mar Biotechnol 6, 587–593 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-004-1700-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-004-1700-x