Abstract
New siloxane and sulfone containing poly(benzimidazole/sulfone/siloxane/amide) (PBSSA) has been prepared for the formation of hybrid membranes (PBSSA/PS-S/SiNPs) with sulfonated polystyrene (PS-S) and 0.1 wt%-2 wt% silica nanoparticles (SiNPs). Field emission scanning electron micrographs showed good dispersion of filler, formation of dense nanoporous honeycomb like structure and uniform ionic pathway in these hybrids. The porous membrane structure was responsible for the fine water retention capability and higher proton conductivity of the new hybrids. Increasing the amount of nanoparticles from 0.1 wt% to 2 wt% increased the tensile stress of acid doped PBSSA/PS-S/SiNPs nanocomposites from 65.7 MPa to 68.5 MPa. A relationship between nanofiller loading and thermal stability of the membranes was also experientially studied, as the glass transition temperature of phosphoric acid doped PBSSA/PS-S/SiNPs nanocomposites increased from 207 °C to 215 °C. The membranes also had higher ion exchange capacity (IEC) around 2.01 mmol/g to 3.01 mmol/g. The novel membranes with high IEC value achieved high proton conductivity of 1.10–2.34 S/cm in a wide range of humidity values at 80 °C which was higher than that of perfluorinated Nafion®117 membrane (1.1 × 10−1 S/cm) at 80 °C (94% RH). A H2/O2 fuel cell using the PBSSA/PS-S/SiNP 2 (IEC 3.01 mmol/g) showed better performance than that of Nafion® 117 at 40 °C and 30% RH.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Lufrano, F.G.S., Patti, A. and Passalacqua, E., J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2000, 77: 1250
Gautier-Luneau, I.A.D., Sanchez, J.Y. and Poinsignon, C., Electrochem. Acta, 1992, 37: 1615
Bae, J.M.I.H., Murata, M., Yamamoto, T., Rikukawa, M. and Ogata, N., Solid State Ionics, 2002, 147: 189
Glipa, X.B.B., Mula, B., Jones, D.J. and Rozière, J., J. Mater. Chem., 1999, 9: 3045
Inzelt, G., Pineri, M., Schultze, J.W. and Vorotyntsev, M.A., Electrochim. Acta, 2000, 45: 2403
Jorissen, L., Gogel, V., Kerres, J., Garche, J., J. Power Sources, 2002, 105: 2672
Jung, D.H., Cho, S.Y., Peck, D.H., Shin, D.R. and Kim, J.S., J. Power Sources, 2003, 118: 205
Watari, T.J.F., Tanaka, K., Kita, H., Okamoto, K.I. and Hirano, T., J. Membr. Sci., 2004, 230: 111
Wang, F.M.H., Ji, Q., Harrison, W., Mecham, J., Zawodzinski, T.A. and McGrath, J.E., Macromol. Symp., 2001, 175: 387
Lufrano, F.I.G., Staiti, P., Antonucci, V. and Passalacqua, E., Solid State Ionics, 2001, 145: 47
Einsla, B.R.W.L.H., Tchatchoua, C. and McGrath, J.E., Polym. Prepr., 2004, 44: 645
Jin, X.M.T.B., Ellis, T.S. and Karasz, F.E., Brit. Polym. J., 1985, 17: 4
Gil, M.X.J., Li, X., Na, H., Hampsey, J E. and Lu, Y., J. Membr. Sci., 2004, 234: 75
Wainright, J.S., Wang, J.T., Weng, D., Savinell, R.F. and Litt, M.J., Electrochem. Soc., 1995, 142: L121
Leykin, A.Y., Askadskii, A.A., Vasilev, V.G. and Rusanov, A.L., J. Membr. Sci., 2010, 347: 69
Asensio, J.A., Borros, S. and Gomez-Romero, P., J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem., 2002, 40: 3703
Lobato, J., Canizares, P., Rodrigo, M. A., Linares, J. J. and Manjavacas, G., J. Membr. Sci., 2006, 280: 351
Kim, H.J., An, S.J., Kim, J.Y., Moon, J.K., Cho, S.Y., Eun, Y.C., Yoon, H.K., Park, Y., Kweon, H.J. and Shin, E.M., Macromol. Rapid Commun., 2004, 25: 1410
Vogel, H.C.S.M., J. Polym. Sci., 1961, 50: 511
Glipa, X.B.B., Mula, B., Jones, D.J. and Rozière, J., J. Mater. Chem., 1999, 9: 3045
Li, Q.R.H., Jensen, J.O. and Bjerrum, N.J., Fuel Cells, 2004, 4: 147
Ma, Y.L.J.S.W., Litt, M.H. and Savinell, R.F., J. Electrochem. Soc., 2004, 151: A8.
Lu, H.T., Colloid J., 2013, 75: 311
Handgea, U.A., Hedicke-Höchstötter, K. and Altstädt, V., Polymer, 2010, 51: 2690
Nakabayashi, K., Higashihara, T. and Ueda M., J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem., 2010, 48: 2757
Miyatake, K., Chikashige, Y. and Watanabe, M., Macromolecules, 2003, 36: 9691
Liu, B., Robertson, G.P., Guiver, M.D., Hu, W. and Jiang, Z., Macromolecules, 2007, 40: 1934
Bae, B., Miyatake, K. and Watanabe, M., Macromolecules, 2010, 43: 2684
Pang, J., Zhang, H., Jiang, Z. and Li. X., Macromolecules, 2007, 40: 9435
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kausar, A., Siddiq, M. Properties of phosphoric acid doped Poly(benzimidazole/sulfone/siloxane/amide)/Sulfonated Polystyrene/Silica nanoparticle-based proton exchange membranes for fuel cells. Chin J Polym Sci 32, 1319–1328 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10118-014-1513-y
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10118-014-1513-y