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Dynamic optical absorption characteristics of blood after slow and fast heating

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Abstract

Laser treatment is the most effective therapy in dermatology for vascular skin disorders, such as port-wine stains (PWS). Changes in heat-induced absorbance in blood must be determined for accurate numerical simulation and implementation of multi-pulse laser therapy for treatment of PWS. Thermally induced absorbance changes in hemoglobin in blood were compared in vitro between slow water bath heating and fast heating irradiated by using sub-millisecond Nd:YAG laser. Blood composition at different temperatures was calculated by comparing blood absorption spectra with those of pure HbO2, Hb, and metHb at room temperature. Blood absorbance to heat energy were categorized into three stages distinguished by metHb and coagulation points, which are the validity and security thresholds of the optimized therapy, respectively. Rapid laser heating can distinctively enhance blood absorbance by photochemically induced strong instability compared with slow heating at a constant temperature. Slow heating facilitates metHb point at 70 °C and coagulation point at 75 °C as the temperature of the water bath increases. However, the temperature at which metHb or coagulation point shifts to higher than 10 °C when pulses and fluence in laser irradiation change. Laser fluence less than 20 J/cm2 and more than 50 J/cm2 is unsuitable for laser treatment because of its low probability to coagulate vascular hyperplasia and high probability to damage normal tissues adjacent to target lesions, respectively. Few bubbles formed after mediate fluence is beneficial to minimize adverse side-effects. Considering blood absorbance, temperature evolution, and bubble formation, we recommend 30–40 J/cm2 and 2–4 Hz frequency as the optimal laser parameters in sub-millisecond Nd:YAG laser.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710049, China

    Hao Jia, Bin Chen & Dong Li

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  1. Hao Jia
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  2. Bin Chen
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  3. Dong Li
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Correspondence to Bin Chen.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Funding

This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 51336006).

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Jia, H., Chen, B. & Li, D. Dynamic optical absorption characteristics of blood after slow and fast heating. Lasers Med Sci 32, 513–525 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-017-2143-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-017-2143-8

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