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Does photobiomodulation therapy is better than cryotherapy in muscle recovery after a high-intensity exercise? A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial

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Abstract

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) and cryotherapy, in isolated and combined forms, as muscle recovery techniques after muscle fatigue-inducing protocol. Forty volunteers were randomly divided into five groups: a placebo group (PG); a PBMT group (PBMT); a cryotherapy group (CG); a cryotherapy-PBMT group (CPG); and a PBMT-cryotherapy group (PCG). All subjects performed four sessions at 24-h intervals, during which they submitted to isometric assessment (MVC) and blood collection in the pre-exercise period, and 5 and 60 min post-exercise, while the muscle fatigue induction protocol occurred after the pre-exercise collections. In the remaining sessions performed 24, 48, and 72 h later, only blood collections and MVCs were performed. A single treatment with PBMT and/or cryotherapy was applied after only 2 min of completing the post-5-min MVC test at the first session. In the intragroup comparison, it was found that exercise led to a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the production of MVC in all groups. Comparing the results of MVCs between groups, we observed significant increases in the MVC capacity of the PBMT, CPG, and PCG volunteers in comparison with both PG and CG (p < 0.05). We observed a significant decrease in the concentrations of the biochemical markers of oxidative damage (TBARS and PC) in all groups and muscle damage (creatine kinase—CK) in the PBMT, PCG, and CPG compared with the PG (p < 0.01). The clinical impact of these findings is clear because they demonstrate that the use of phototherapy is more effective than the use of cryotherapy for muscle recovery, additionally cryotherapy decreases PBMT efficacy.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants, Biotechnology Institute, University of Caxias do Sul, R. Francisco Getúlio Vargas, 1130, Bloco, Sala, 95070-560, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil

    Thiago De Marchi, Juliane Souza de Sene, Camila Dallavechia de Col & Mirian Salvador

  2. Faculty Cenecista of Bento Gonçalves (CNEC), Bento Gonçalves, RS, Brazil

    Thiago De Marchi

  3. Academic Physical Therapy, Institute of Sports Medicine (IME), University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil

    Vinicius Mazzochi Schmitt & Guilherme Pinheiro Machado

  4. Institute of Sports Medicine (IME), University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil

    Olga Tairova

  5. Laboratory of Phototherapy in Sports and Exercise, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Ernesto Cesar Pinto Leal-Junior

  6. Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Ernesto Cesar Pinto Leal-Junior

  7. Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Ernesto Cesar Pinto Leal-Junior

Authors
  1. Thiago De Marchi
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  2. Vinicius Mazzochi Schmitt
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  3. Guilherme Pinheiro Machado
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  4. Juliane Souza de Sene
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  5. Camila Dallavechia de Col
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  6. Olga Tairova
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  7. Mirian Salvador
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  8. Ernesto Cesar Pinto Leal-Junior
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Thiago De Marchi.

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Competing interests

Professor Ernesto Cesar Pinto Leal-Junior receives research support from Multi Radiance Medical (Solon, OH - USA), a laser device manufacturer. Multi Radiance Medical had no role in the planning of this study, and the laser device used was not theirs. They had no influence on study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The remaining authors declare that they have no conflict of interests.

Ethical aspects

The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Caxias do Sul. In accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, all subjects were advised about the procedure and they signed an informed consent prior to participation in the study (CAEE 31344214.3.3001.5341).

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De Marchi, T., Schmitt, V.M., Machado, G.P. et al. Does photobiomodulation therapy is better than cryotherapy in muscle recovery after a high-intensity exercise? A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Lasers Med Sci 32, 429–437 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-016-2139-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-016-2139-9

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