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Odontogenic differentiation and biomineralization potential of dental pulp stem cells inside Mg-based bioceramic scaffolds under low-level laser treatment

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Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the potential of low-level laser irradiation (LLLI) to promote odontogenic differentiation and biomineralization by dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) seeded inside bioceramic scaffolds. Mg-based, Zn-doped bioceramic scaffolds, synthesized by the sol–gel technique, were spotted with DPSCs and exposed to LLLI at 660 nm with maximum output power of 140 mw at fluencies (a) 2 and 4 J/cm2 to evaluate cell viability/proliferation by the MTT assay and (b) 4 J/cm2 to evaluate cell differentiation, using real-time PCR (expression of odontogenic markers) and a p-nitrophenylphosphate (pNPP)-based assay for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity measurement. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were used for structural/chemical characterization of the regenerated tissues. Exposure of the DPSCs/scaffold complexes to the proposed LLLI scheme was associated with statistically significant increase of odontogenesis-related markers (bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2): 22.4-fold, dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP): 28.4-fold, Osterix: 18.5-fold, and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2): 3.4-fold). ALP activity was significantly increased at 3 and 7 days inside the irradiated compared to that in the non-irradiated SC/DPSC complexes, but gradually decreased until 14 days. Newly formed Ca-P tissue was formed on the SC/DPSC complexes after 28 days of culture that attained the characteristics of bioapatite. Overall, LLLI treatment proved to be beneficial for odontogenic differentiation and biomineralization of DPSCs inside the bioceramic scaffolds, making this therapeutic modality promising for targeted dentin engineering.

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Acknowledgments

This study was conducted under the action Excellence II (Project: 5105) and funded by the European Union (EU) and National Resources.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Fixed Prosthesis and Implant Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece

    Anna Theocharidou, Athina Bakopoulou, Eleana Kontonasaki, Eleni Papachristou, Christina Hadjichristou, Maria Bousnaki & Petros Koidis

  2. Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece

    George Theodorou & Konstantinos Paraskevopoulos

  3. Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece

    Lambrini Papadopoulou & Nikolaos Kantiranis

Authors
  1. Anna Theocharidou
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  2. Athina Bakopoulou
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  3. Eleana Kontonasaki
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  4. Eleni Papachristou
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  5. Christina Hadjichristou
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  6. Maria Bousnaki
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  7. George Theodorou
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  8. Lambrini Papadopoulou
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  9. Nikolaos Kantiranis
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  10. Konstantinos Paraskevopoulos
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  11. Petros Koidis
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Petros Koidis.

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Ethics statement

All donors provided their written consent to participate in the study. The written consent form had been approved by the ethics committee of the School of Dentistry, of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional ethics committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Theocharidou, A., Bakopoulou, A., Kontonasaki, E. et al. Odontogenic differentiation and biomineralization potential of dental pulp stem cells inside Mg-based bioceramic scaffolds under low-level laser treatment. Lasers Med Sci 32, 201–210 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-016-2102-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-016-2102-9

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