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Thermal effects and morphological aspects of varying Er:YAG laser energy on demineralized dentin removal: an in vitro study

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate thermal changes, dentin ablation removal capacity, and morphological aspects of sound and demineralized human dentin surface irradiated with different output energies of an erbium: yttrium-aluminium-garnet (Er:YAG) laser. Eighty sound human tooth specimens were assigned into two groups: demineralized dentin and sound dentin (control group). The dentin groups were subdivided into four subgroups (n = 10) according to the irradiation energy used (120, 160, 200, or 250 mJ) at a constant frequency level of 6 Hz, in focused mode, and under refrigeration. Quantitative analysis of the sound and carious dentin ablation was performed using light microscopy (LM) by measuring (mm) the remaining demineralized tissue with the Axion Vision™ software. Qualitative analysis was performed using the images obtained with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the temperature increase was recorded with an infrared digital thermometer. The Er:YAG laser promoted a gradual increase in temperature for all groups, and no difference was observed between the sound and demineralized dentin. The groups of 200 and 250 mJ showed the highest values, yet a variation in temperature did not exceed 5 °C. The energy output of 120 mJ selectively removed demineralized tissue when compared to 250 mJ, while also providing more regular surfaces in the cavity preparation. It was concluded that the temperature increase during sound and demineralized dentin removal had a strong positive correlation with the Er:YAG laser energy level output. However, the higher energies used did not present selectivity to the demineralized tissue, and the parameters used did not cause an increase in temperature over 5 °C.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to CNPq and FAPESP (Process number 2011/07960-4 and 2012/02460-6) for financial support. The authors also would like to thank Dr. Jeremy Matis for English revision.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Dentistry, University of Ribeirão Preto–UNAERP, Avenida Constábile Romano, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP 14096-900, Brazil

    Walter Raucci-Neto

  2. Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, S/N, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP 14040-904, Brazil

    Carla Raquel dos Santos, Jesus Djalma Pécora & Regina Guenka Palma-Dibb

  3. Physics Department, Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Science and Literature, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP 14040-901, Brazil

    Fabrício Augusto de Lima & Luciano Bachmann

Authors
  1. Walter Raucci-Neto
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  2. Carla Raquel dos Santos
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  3. Fabrício Augusto de Lima
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  4. Jesus Djalma Pécora
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  5. Luciano Bachmann
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  6. Regina Guenka Palma-Dibb
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Correspondence to Regina Guenka Palma-Dibb.

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Raucci-Neto, W., Raquel dos Santos, C., Augusto de Lima, F. et al. Thermal effects and morphological aspects of varying Er:YAG laser energy on demineralized dentin removal: an in vitro study. Lasers Med Sci 30, 1231–1236 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-014-1579-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-014-1579-3

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