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Protective effect of CO2 laser (10.6 μm) and fluoride on enamel erosion in vitro

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of CO2 laser (10.6 μm) irradiation with 5-μs pulse width in prevention of enamel erosion due to citric acid exposure in vitro. One hundred forty-four bovine enamel samples were cut into 5 × 5 × 2-mm-size slabs and polished to obtain plane surfaces. Enamel surfaces were covered with acid-resistant varnish, except for a central area of 2.5 mm in diameter. The samples were divided into four groups (n = 12/group/day): C—control, no treatment; L—CO2 laser irradiation (0.3 J/cm2, 5 μs, 226 Hz); F—topical fluoride treatment, 1.25%F− (AmF/NaF) for 3 min; and FL—fluoride treatment + CO2 laser. For erosive demineralization, samples were immersed in 40 ml of citric acid (0.05 M, pH 2.3) for 20 min two times per day during 5 days. After 1, 3, and 5 days, surface loss was measured by digital profilometer. According to the repeated measure ANOVA and post hoc comparisons, all the treatments showed statistically significant reduction of enamel loss as compared to control group, in all investigated times (p < 0.0001): L (52%,31%,37%); F (28%,24%,29%); FL (73%,55%,57%). Both CO2 laser irradiation alone (L) and the combined laser–fluoride treatment (FL) caused less enamel loss than the fluoride group (F) in all days (p < 0.0001 for L in all times; and p < 0.0001, p = 0.0220 and p = 0.0051 for F, respectively, at days 1, 3, and 5). Under the conditions of this study, CO2 laser irradiation (0.3 J/cm2, 5 μs, 226 Hz) could effectively reduce enamel surface loss due to citric acid exposure, in vitro. This effect was still observed after 5 days of repeated acid exposures.

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Acknowledgments

This study was part of joint thesis supervision between RWTH Aachen University, Germany and University of São Paulo, Brazil. The authors would like to express their gratitude both for the financial support from FGD (Forschungsgemeinschaft Dental no. 360303, Germany), START Program of the Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University (no. AZ43/09, Germany), and CNPq (no. 305574/2008-6, Brazil) and for the laboratorial support from Mrs. Patricia Butler-Bücher and Mr. Thomas Fischer (Institute of Metrology and Quality Management of RWTH Aachen University).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Stomatology, Integrated Clinic, School of Dentistry of the University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227—Cidade Universitária, 05580-000, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Karen Müller Ramalho & Rodney Garcia Rocha

  2. Special Laboratory of Lasers in Dentistry (LELO), Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of the University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227—Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Carlos de Paula Eduardo

  3. Department of Medical Statistics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany

    Nicole Heussen

  4. Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany

    Friedrich Lampert, Christian Apel & Marcella Esteves-Oliveira

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  1. Karen Müller Ramalho
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  2. Carlos de Paula Eduardo
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  3. Nicole Heussen
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  4. Rodney Garcia Rocha
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  5. Friedrich Lampert
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  6. Christian Apel
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  7. Marcella Esteves-Oliveira
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Correspondence to Karen Müller Ramalho.

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Christian Apel and Marcella Esteves-Oliveira contributed equally to this manuscript.

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Ramalho, K.M., de Paula Eduardo, C., Heussen, N. et al. Protective effect of CO2 laser (10.6 μm) and fluoride on enamel erosion in vitro. Lasers Med Sci 28, 71–78 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-012-1071-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-012-1071-x

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