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Infrared LED irradiation applied during high-intensity treadmill training improves maximal exercise tolerance in postmenopausal women: a 6-month longitudinal study

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Abstract

Reduced aerobic fitness is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases among the older population. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of LED irradiation (850 nm) applied during treadmill training on the maximal exercise tolerance in postmenopausal women. At the beginning of the study, 45 postmenopausal women were assigned randomly to three groups, and 30 women completed the entire 6 months of the study. The groups were: (1) the LED group (treadmill training associated with phototherapy, n = 10), (2) the exercise group (treadmill training, n = 10), and (3) the sedentary group (neither physical training nor phototherapy, n = 10). The training was performed for 45 min twice a week for 6 months at intensities between 85% and 90% maximal heart rate (HRmax). The irradiation parameters were 39 mW/cm2, 45 min and 108 J/cm2. The cardiovascular parameters were measured at baseline and after 6 months. As expected, no significant differences were found in the sedentary group (p ≥ 0.05). The maximal time of tolerance (Tlim), metabolic equivalents (METs) and Bruce stage reached significantly higher values in the LED group and the exercise group (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the HR, double product and Borg score at isotime were significantly lower in the LED group and in the exercise group (p < 0.05). However, the time of recovery showed a significant decrease only in the LED group (p = 0.003). Moreover, the differences between before and after training (delta values) for the Tlim, METs and HR at isotime were greater in the LED group than in the exercise group with a significant intergroup difference (p < 0.05). Therefore, the infrared LED irradiation during treadmill training can improve maximal performance and post-exercise recovery in postmenopausal women.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP, grant nos. 98/14270-8 and 09/01842-0), the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, grant no. 150949/2011-1) and the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) for financial support. We also acknowledge the valuable technical assistance graciously provided by Ms. Juliana Cristina Milan (physical therapist) and Ms. Isabela Verzola Aniceto (medical doctor).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Optics Group, Instituto de Física de São Carlos (IFSC), University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, SP, Brazil

    Fernanda Rossi Paolillo, Cristina Kurachi & Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato

  2. Biotechnology Program, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP, Brazil

    Fernanda Rossi Paolillo, Nivaldo Antonio Parizotto, Cristina Kurachi & Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato

  3. Department of Morphology, Faculty of Dentistry of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil

    Adalberto Vieira Corazza

  4. Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar, São Carlos, SP, Brazil

    Audrey Borghi-Silva

  5. Electrothermophototherapy Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar, São Carlos, SP, Brazil

    Nivaldo Antonio Parizotto

  6. University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Trabalhador Sãocarlense, 400 – Centro, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil

    Fernanda Rossi Paolillo

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  1. Fernanda Rossi Paolillo
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  6. Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato
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Correspondence to Fernanda Rossi Paolillo.

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Paolillo, F.R., Corazza, A.V., Borghi-Silva, A. et al. Infrared LED irradiation applied during high-intensity treadmill training improves maximal exercise tolerance in postmenopausal women: a 6-month longitudinal study. Lasers Med Sci 28, 415–422 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-012-1062-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-012-1062-y

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