Skip to main content
Log in

Effects of feeding state on anticoagulation in adult goats treated with warfarin

  • Brief Communication
  • Artificial Heart (Basic)
  • Published:
Journal of Artificial Organs Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

For the continued development of improved mechanical circulatory systems, longer term evaluation of new devices in animal model experiments may be critical. The effects of anticoagulants in adult goats have not been well studied. We assessed the effects of oral warfarin in three adult goats during fasting or after feeding. The goats [weighing 57.8 ± 8.1 kg (53.0–67.2 kg)] were administered warfarin orally beginning at a dose of 5 mg/day and then increasing to 10, 20, 40, and 60 mg every 2 weeks. One goat (receiving 10 mg/day warfarin) was killed on day 27 because of the inability to stand. After administration of 60 mg warfarin, the remaining goat received no warfarin for 4 days to return to coagulated state. The goats were then fasted and treated with 40 mg warfarin. During warfarin administration, both goats required a dose of 60 mg/day to achieve International Normalized Ratios (INRs) of approximately 2.5; however, when, the animals were in the fasted condition, precipitous extension of INR was observed in 5 days. After resuming feeding, the INR was reduced to the proper range. We showed the tendency that warfarin therapy in goats required higher doses than the doses administered to human patients and that the effects of therapy were related to the feeding state. The results of this study provide important information for development of anticoagulation protocols to assess mechanical circulatory support devices for long-term use in preclinical examination.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

References

  1. Connell JM, Khalapyan T, Al-Mondhiry HA, Wilson RP, Rosenberg G, Weiss WJ. Anticoagulation of juvenile sheep and goats with heparin, warfarin, and clopidogrel. ASAIO J. 2007;53:229–37.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Fukunaga K, Homma A, Funakubo A, Tatsumi E, Taenaka Y, Kitamura S, Fukui Y. Pulsatile blood pump with a linear drive actuator. J Artif Organs. 2007;10:77–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Nishinaka T, Tatsumi E, Nishimura T, Taenaka Y, Masuzawa T, Nakata M, Takano H, Koyanagi H. Cardiac autonomic nervous function during long-term nonpulsatile left heart bypass. Artif Organs. 1999;23:500–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Wakisaka Y, Taenaka Y, Chikanari K, Nakatani T, Tatsumi E, Masuzawa T, Nishimura T, Takewa Y, Ohno T, Takano H. Long-term evaluation of a nonpulsatile mechanical circulatory support system. Artif Organs. 1997;21:639–44.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Kirklin JK, Naftel DC, Pagani FD, Kormos RL, Stevenson LW, Blume ED, Miller MA, Baldwin JT, Young JB. Sixth intermacs annual report: a 10,000-patient database. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2014;33:555–64.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Wever-Pinzon O, Selzman CH, Drakos SG, Saidi A, Stoddard GJ, Gilbert EM, Labedi M, Reid BB, Davis ES, Kfoury AG, Li DY, Stehlik J, Bader F. Pulsatility and the risk of nonsurgical bleeding in patients supported with the continuous-flow left ventricular assist device heartmate II. Circ Heart Fail. 2013;6:517–26.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Hirsh J, Poller L. The international normalized ratio: a guide to understanding and correcting its problems. Arch Intern Med. 1994;154:282–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Breukink HJ, Hart HC, von Arkel C, den Velden NA, den Watering CC. Congenital afibrinogenemia in goats. Zentralbl Veterinamed A. 1972;19:661–76.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Lewis JH. Comparative hematology: studies on goats. Am J Vet Res. 1976;37:601–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Poller L. The use of the british comparative thromboplastin for uniformity of laboratory control of oral anticoagulants. Br J Haemato. 1969;17:606–7.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Kirkwood TB. Calibration of reference thromboplastins and standardisation of the prothrombin time ratio. Thromb Haemost. 1983;49:238–44.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Kazuma Date or Satoru Kishimoto.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Date, K., Kishimoto, S., Fujii, Y. et al. Effects of feeding state on anticoagulation in adult goats treated with warfarin. J Artif Organs 19, 301–304 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10047-016-0885-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10047-016-0885-x

Keywords

Navigation