Abstract
The map series of the International Hydrogeological Map of Europe at a scale of 1:1,500,000 (IHME1500) has been completed by the publication of the last two map sheets in August 2013. Altogether, the 25 sheets of the IHME1500 provide the first coherent overview of groundwater resources in Europe. The map displays productivity and lithology of potential aquifer systems. Some of the additional map contents relating to groundwater are presented only regionally. The most relevant features of IHME1500 are compiled in two seamless geographic information system (GIS) layers in shapefile format: (1) showing groundwater resources characterised by a basic aquifer typology, including a lithological description and areas of seawater intrusion, and (2) reproducing major tectonic fractures. The superficial lithology information was harmonised by implementing a lithological taxonomy and a multi-step aggregation. An enhancement of the GIS layers is envisaged through the release of updates, which will be distinguished by consecutive version numbers. The continent-wide harmonised presentation of contents constitutes the main feature of the IHME1500 GIS layers. This qualifies the spatial dataset as a basic tool for hydrogeological assessments aiming primarily at transboundary issues. Map scale and the manufacture date of the analogue base impose restrictions on the application of the IHME1500 vector data. A set of examples describes the initial use of the GIS layers in research projects and illustrates potential fields of application. The IHME1500 lithology layer establishes a spatial dataset suitable for the continent-wide evaluation of geological surface processes like the susceptibility to landslides.
Résumé
La série de cartes Hydrogéologiques Internationales de l’Europe à l’échelle 1:1,500,000 (IHME 1500) a été complétée par la publication des deux dernières coupures en août 2013. L’ensemble des 25 feuilles de l’IHME1500 fournit la première vue d’ensemble cohérente des ressources en eaux souterraines en Europe. La carte présente la productivité et la lithologie des systèmes aquifères potentiels. Certains des contenus complémentaires relatifs aux eaux souterraines ne sont présentés qu’à l’échelle régionale. Les caractéristiques les plus pertinentes de l’IHME1500 sont rassemblées dans deux couches homogènes d’un système d’information géographique (SIG) au format shapefile: (1) montrant les ressources d’eau souterraines caractérisées à partir d’une typologie classique d’aquifère, incluant une description lithologique et des aires d’intrusion d’eau de mer, et (2) reproduisant les principaux accidents tectoniques. L’information lithologie superficielle a été harmonisée en introduisant une taxonomie lithologique et une agrégation multi-niveaux. Un affinement des couches du SIG est envisagé avec l’édition de mises à jour, qui seront distinguées par des numéros successifs d’édition. La présentation de contenus harmonisée à l’échelle du continent constitue la principale caractéristique des couches SIG de l’IHME1500. Ceci qualifie l’ensemble des données spatiales comme outil de base pour les évaluations hydrogéologiques concernant avant tout les enjeux transfrontaliers. L’échelle de la carte et la date d’établissement de la base analogique imposent des restrictions concernant l’utilisation des données vectorisées de l’IHME1500. Un ensemble d’exemples décrit l’utilisation initiale des couches du SIG dans des projets de recherche et illustre les champs potentiels d’application. Les couches lithologiques de l’IHME1500 établissent un ensemble de données spatiales utiles pour évaluer à l‘échelle continentale les phénomènes géologiques superficiels comme la prédisposition aux glissements de terrain.
Resumen
La serie de mapas del Mapa Hidrogeológico Internacional de Europa a escala 1:1,500,000 (IHME1500) ha sido completada con la publicación de las dos últimas hojas en agosto de 2013. El conjunto 25 hojas del IHME1500 proporciona la primera visión coherente de los recursos de aguas subterráneas de Europa. El mapa muestra la productividad y la litología de los potenciales sistemas acuíferos. Algunos de los contenidos adicionales de los mapas relativos a las aguas subterráneas se presentan sólo a nivel regional. Las características más relevantes de IHME1500 se compilan en dos sistemas de información geográfica (SIG) continuos de capas en formato shapefile: (1) que muestra los recursos de agua subterránea caracterizados por una tipología básica del acuífero, incluyendo una descripción litológica y las áreas de intrusión de agua de mar, y (2) la reproducción de las principales fracturas tectónicas. La información de la litología superficial se armonizó mediante la implementación de una taxonomía litológica y la sucesión de múltiples pasos. Una mejora de las capas SIG se prevé a través de actualizaciones de la publicación, que serán concebidas en los números consecutivos de las versiones. La presentación de todo el continente armonizada con los contenidos constituye la característica principal de las capas del SIG IHME1500. Esto califica el conjunto de datos espaciales como una herramienta básica para evaluaciones hidrogeológicas destinadas principalmente a cuestiones transfronterizas. La escala del mapa y la fecha de elaboración de la base analógica imponen restricciones sobre la aplicación de los datos vectoriales del IHME1500. Un conjunto de ejemplos describe el uso inicial de las capas del SIG para proyectos de investigación e ilustra los posibles campos de aplicación. La capa de la litología del IHME1500 establece un conjunto de datos espaciales adecuados para la evaluación de los procesos geológicos de superficie de todo el continente como es la susceptibilidad a deslizamientos de tierra.
摘要
2013年8月随着最后两张图的出版,1:1,500,000欧洲国际水文地质图系全部完成。图系总共25张图,第一次展现了欧洲地下水资源清晰的概况。图显示了潜在含水层系统岩性的产水能力。一些与地下水有关的附加图内容只是区域上展示。1:1,500,000欧洲国际水文地质图最重要的特点以shapefile格式编制在两个无缝地理信息系统图层上:1)显示了基本含水层类型学包括岩性描述和海水入侵区域表征的地下水资源;2)再现了主要构造断裂。通过进行岩性分类和多步聚合使表层岩性信息更加和谐。通过采用连续出版编号不断更新有关信息,使GIS图层不断改进。1:1,500,000欧洲国际水文地质图GIS图层的主要特点就是整个大陆展示的内容非常和谐。这使空间数据库能够成为主要针对跨国界问题进行水文地质评价的基本工具。类似底图的图比例尺和编制日期限制了1:1,500,000欧洲国际水文地质图食量数据的应用。一组例子描述了GIS图层在研究项目中的初步应用,也描述了潜在的应用领域。1:1,500,000欧洲国际水文地质图岩性图层建立了空间数据库,这个数据库对于评估整个大陆地质表面过程如滑坡敏感性非常合适.
Resumo
A série de mapas do Mapa Hidrogeológico Internacional da Europa em escala 1:1,500,000 (MHIE1500) foi concluído para a publicação das duas últimas folhas em agosto de 2013. O total de 25 folhas do MHIE1500 proporcionou a primeira visão geral coerente dos recursos hídricos subterrâneos na Europa. O mapa mostra a produtividade e litologia de potenciais sistemas aquíferos. Alguns dos conteúdos adicionais dos mapas relativos as águas subterrâneas são apresentados apenas regionalmente. As características mais relevantes do MHIE1500 foram compiladas em duas camadas contínuas no formato shapefile para Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG): (1) mostrando os recursos hídricos subterrâneos caracterizados por uma tipologia básica do aquífero, incluindo uma descrição litológica e áreas de intrusão de água marinha, e (2) reproduzindo as maiores fraturas geológicas. A informação da litologia superficial foi padronizada para implementar uma taxonomia litológica e a agregação de várias etapas. Foi previsto o aperfeiçoamento das camadas para SIG através do lançamento de atualizações, que serão diferenciadas por consecutivos números de versões. A apresentação do conteúdo da extensão continental padronizada constituí a principal característica das camadas SIG do MHIE1500. Este conjunto de dados espaciais classifica-se como um instrumento para análises hidrogeológicas destinadas primeiramente a problemas transfronteiriços. A escala do mapa e a data de produção de uma base analógica impõe restrições na aplicação dos dados vetoriais do MHIE1500. Um conjunto de exemplos descrevem o uso inicial das camadas para SIG em projetos de pesquisa e exemplificam potenciais campos de aplicação. A camada litológica do MHIE1500 criou um conjunto de dados espaciais adequados para avaliação dos processos na superfície geológica da extensão continental, como a suscetibilidade a deslizamentos.
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The authors like to acknowledge the national contributions to compile the IHME1500 map series prepared by a multitude of experts from the participating countries, which cannot be specifically named here.
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Duscher, K., Günther, A., Richts, A. et al. The GIS layers of the “International Hydrogeological Map of Europe 1:1,500,000” in a vector format. Hydrogeol J 23, 1867–1875 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-015-1296-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-015-1296-4