Abstract
Groundwater availability is at the core of hydrogeology as a discipline and, simultaneously, the concept is the source of ambiguity for management and policy. Aquifer yield has undergone multiple definitions resulting in a range of scientific methods to calculate and model availability reflecting the complexity of combined scientific, management, policy, and stakeholder processes. The concept of an aquifer-yield continuum provides an approach to classify groundwater yields along a spectrum, from non-use through permissive sustained, sustainable, maximum sustained, safe, permissive mining to maximum mining yields, that builds on existing literature. Additionally, the aquifer-yield continuum provides a systems view of groundwater availability to integrate physical and social aspects in assessing management options across aquifer settings. Operational yield describes the candidate solutions for operational or technical implementation of policy, often relating to a consensus yield that incorporates human dimensions through participatory or adaptive governance processes. The concepts of operational and consensus yield address both the social and the technical nature of science-based groundwater management and governance.
Résumé
La disponibilité de l’eau souterraine est au centre de l’hydrogéologie en tant que discipline, et simultanément le concept est source d’ambiguïté pour les processus de gestion et de police de l’eau. Le terme débit d’un aquifère a connu de multiples définitions résultant de la gamme des méthodes scientifiques de calcul et modèles disponibles, reflétant la difficulté de concilier science, processus de gestion, police de l’eau et dépositaires d’enjeux. Le concept d’un continuum aquifère-débit fournit une approche pour classer les prélèvements d’eau souterraine dans un spectre s’étendant de la non utilisation au débit exploitable assuré, débit exploitable, débit maximum exploitable, débit de sécurité, débit d’exploitation toléré des réserves, jusqu’à l’exploitation des réserves ultimes, spectre à la base de la littérature existante. De plus, le continuum aquifère-débit fournit une vision systémique de la disponibilité de l’eau souterraine pour intégrer des aspects physiques et sociaux dans l’évaluation des options de gestion exploitation selon les catégories d’aquifères. Le débit opérationnel décrit les solutions candidates pour une mise en place opérationnelle ou technique d’une politique de l’eau, souvent en relation avec une production consensuelle incluant des dimensions humaines à travers des processus de gouvernance participative ou adaptative. Les concepts de débit opérationnel et consensuel concernent à la fois la nature sociale et technique de la gestion et la gouvernance scientifique de l’aquifère.
Resumen
La disponibilidad del agua subterránea es el centro de la hidrogeología como disciplina y, simultáneamente, el concepto es una fuente de ambigüedad para su gestión y la política. El rendimiento de un acuífero ha sido objeto de múltiples definiciones que derivan en un abanico de métodos científicos para calcular y modelar la disponibilidad reflejando la complejidad de los procesos combinados, científicos, de la gestión, de la política y de las partes interesadas. El concepto de continuidad del rendimiento de un acuífero proporciona una aproximación para clasificar los rendimientos del agua subterránea a lo largo de un espectro, desde el no uso, a través de rendimientos, permisivos sostenidos, sostenibles, máximos sostenidos, seguro, permisivos mineros a máximo minero, que se basan en la literatura existente. Adicionalmente, el rendimiento continuo del acuífero proporciona una visión de los sistemas de la disponibilidad de agua subterránea para integrar aspectos físicos y sociales al evaluar las opciones de gestión a través de la configuración de los acuíferos. El rendimiento operacional describe las soluciones candidatas para la implementación operacional o técnicas de la política, a menudo relacionadas a un rendimiento de consensuado que incorpora dimensiones humanas través de procesos adaptativos y participativos de gobernanza. Los conceptos de rendimiento operacional y de consenso satisfacen la naturaleza social y técnica de la gestión y la gobernanza del agua subterránea basada en la ciencia.
摘要
地下水可用性是水文地质学科的核心,同时也是管理与政策模糊不清的根源。出水量经历了很多定义,导致一系列计算和模拟可用性的科学方法,表明了联合科学、管理、政策以及涉众过程的复杂性。含水层产量连续的概念为出水量分类提供了一种方法,根据不同范围,基于已有文献,分为不能使用,大致可持续出水量,可持续出水量,最大程度可持续出水量,安全出水量,可出水量到最大程度出水量。另外,含水层产量连续提供了地下水可用性的一个系统视图,可整合含水层设置的管理选项评价中物理和社会方面。运营出水量描述了可操作的或者技术上可行的政策候选方案,通常与包含有可参与的或者可适当控制处理的人文因素的共识出水量相关。运营出水量和共识出水量的概念均记有以科学为基础的地下水管理和调控的社会和技术性质。
Resumo
A disponibilidade da água subterrânea é nuclear na hidrogeologia como disciplina e, simultaneamente, o conceito é origem de ambiguidade para a gestão e para as políticas da água. A produtividade dos aquíferos teve múltiplas definições, de que resultaram diversos métodos científicos para o cálculo e modelação da disponibilidade, refletindo a complexidade da combinação dos processos científicos, gestionários, políticos e os parceiros envolvidos. O conceito de continuum aquífero-produtividade fornece uma abordagem para classificar as produções de água subterrânea ao longo de todo um espetro, tal como se encontra na literatura, desde o não-uso, passando pelo uso permitido permanente, a produção sustentável, a produção máxima sustentável, a produção segura, o esgotamento permitido e o esgotamento máximo. Adicionalmente, o conceito de continuum aquífero-produção proporciona uma visão em sistema da disponibilidade da água subterrânea para a integração de aspetos físicos e sociais na avaliação de opções de gestão através de cenários no aquífero. A produção operacional descreve as soluções candidatas para implementação técnica e operacional de políticas, frequentemente relacionada com uma produção consensual que incorpora as dimensões humanas através de processos de governância participativa ou adaptativa. Os conceitos de produção operacional e consensual respondem ambos à natureza social e à natureza técnica da gestão e da governância cientificamente fundamentada da água subterrânea.
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Acknowledgments
These concepts were developed through thoughtful conversations with a wide range of groundwater scientists, managers, decision support researchers, practitioners, and community stakeholders. The authors are particularly indebted to Marios Sophocleous, Steve Barnett, Stuart Richardson, Ray Evans, Bill Mullican, Rima Petrossian, Brian Smith, Kirk Holland, Brian Hunt, John Dupnik, Bridget Scanlon, Craig Simmons, Sondoss El Sawah, Tony Jakeman and Andrew Ross for their collegial dialogue. Conceptual development was initially completed as part of Dr. Pierce’s doctoral thesis with funding from The Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin and the STAR Fellows program of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Agreement number FP91632001-0).
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Pierce, S.A., Sharp, J.M., Guillaume, J.H.A. et al. Aquifer-yield continuum as a guide and typology for science-based groundwater management. Hydrogeol J 21, 331–340 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-012-0910-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-012-0910-y