Abstract
An emerging topic in spatial statistics is the analysis of agglomerations within a regional context. Often, these ‘spatial clusters’ are formed by effects of spatial co-agglomeration. This article introduces an extended bivariate Moran’s I statistic in a case study of German furniture industries. It allows to jointly account for the clustering of two different industries. The method is integrated into the context of Exploratory Spatial Data Analyses. Results show that the approach is a suitable tool for the detection and delineation of co-agglomerations in space by adding self-inclusion of cluster cores and by offering measures of statistical significance.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aguilar F (2008) Effect of centrifugal forces on cluster patterns in the softwood lumber industry of the United States. For Sci 54(4):242–249
Aldstadt J, Getis A (2006) Using AMOEBA to create a spatial weights matrix and identify spatial clusters. Geogr Anal 38:327–343
Alecke B, Alsleben C, Scharr F, Untiedt G (2006) Are there really high-tech clusters? The geographic concentration of German manufacturing industries and its determinants. Ann Reg Sci 40(1):19–42
Anselin L (1988) Spatial econometrics: methods and models. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht
Anselin L (1995) Local indicators of spatial association—LISA. Geogr Anal 27(2):93–115
Anselin L, Syabri I, Smirnov O (2002) Visualizing multivariate spatial correlation with dynamically linked windows. Working paper. University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Spatial Analysis Laboratory (SAL), Urbana, IL. http://sal.uiuc.edu/users/anselin/papers/multi_lisa.pdf, Oct 2007
Arbia G (2001) The role of spatial effects in the empirical analysis of regional concentration. J Geogr Syst 3:271–281
Baumont C, Ertur C, Le Gallo J (2003) Spatial analysis of employment and population density: the case of the agglomeration of Dijon 1999. Geogr Anal 36(2):146–176
Bickenbach F, Bode E (2008) Disproportionality measures of concentration, specialization, and localization. Int Reg Sci Rev 31(4):359–388
Bivand R, Pebesma E, Gómez-Rubio V (2008) Applied spatial data analysis with R. Use R series. Springer, New York
Bode E (2008) Delineating metropolitan areas using land prices. J Reg Sci 48(1):131–163
Bonkamp O (2005) Kooperationen und Netzwerke in der Möbelindustrie der Region Ostwestfalen-Lippe. (Cooperation and networks of the furniture industry in the Eastern Westphalia region). Academic dissertation, Universität Paderborn, Fakultät für Wirtschaftswissenschaften
Brenner T (2004) Local industrial clusters: Existence, emergence and evolution. In: Studies in global competition series, vol 20. Routledge, London
Bröcker J, Dohse D, Soltwedel R (eds) (2003) Innovation clusters and interregional competition. Advances in spatial economics series. Springer, Berlin
Bundesagentur für Arbeit (2007) Statistik der sozialversicherungspflichtig Beschäftigten. Spezifische Datenabfrage auf Anfrage (in German) (Federal Employment Agency – Statistics of employees with social insurance registration. Specific data queries on demand). Nürnberg
Dall’erba S (2005) Distribution of regional income and regional funds in Europe 1989–1999: An exploratory spatial data analysis. Ann Reg Sci 39:121–148
Das S, Finne H (2008) Innovation and co-location. Spatial Econ Anal 3(2):159–194
De Dominicis L, Arbia G, Groot H (2007) The spatial distribution of economic activities in Italy. Tinbergen Institute Discussion Paper, TI 2007–094/3
Duranton G, Overman H (2005) Testing for localization using micro-geographic data. Rev Econ Stud 72:1077–1106
Duranton G, Puga D (2004) Micro-Foundations of urban agglomeration economies. In: Henderson J, Thisse J (eds) Handbook of regional and urban economics, vol 4, pp 2063–2117
Ellison G, Glaeser E (1997) Geographic concentration in US manufacturing industries: a dartboard approach. J Polit Econ 105(5):889–927
Ellison G, Glaeser E, Kerr W (2007) What causes industry agglomeration? Evidence from coagglomeration patterns. Working paper, MIT, Department of Economics, Cambridge, MA. http://econ-www.mit.edu/files/908, Sep 2007
Enright M (2003) What we know and what we should know. In: Bröcker J, Dohse D, Soltwedel R (eds) Innovation clusters and interregional competition. Springer, Berlin, pp 99–129
European Commission (1999) Communication on the state of competitiveness of the EU Forest-based and related industries. Communication of the Council, the European Parliament, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. COM (1999) 457. Luxembourg. http://europa.eu.int/comm/enterprise/forest_based/comm_en.pdf, Mai 2006
EUROSTAT – Statistical Office of the European Communities (2002) Statistical classification of economic activities in the European community. Rev. 1.1 (NACE), Metadata, RAMON Classification Server, Luxembourg. http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ramon/, Feb 2007
Glaeser E (2008) Cities, agglomeration and spatial equilibrium. Oxford University Press, New York
Graham D (2009) Identifying urbanisation and localisation externalities in manufacturing and service industries. Pap Reg Sci 88(1):63–84
Guillain R, Le Gallo J (2006) Measuring agglomeration: an exploratory spatial analysis approach applied to the case of Paris and its surroundings. REAL discussion papers, 06-T-10, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, IL
Hazley C (2000) Forest-based and related industries of the European Union. Industrial districts, clusters and agglomerations. ETLA The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy, Taloustieto Oy, Helsinki
Herruzo A, Diaz-Balteiro L, Calvo X (2008) A measure of the geographic concentration in Spain’s wood-based industry. For Prod J 58(8):54–60
Kies U, Mrosek T, Schulte A (2008) A statistics-based method for cluster analysis of the forest sector at the national and sub-national level in Germany. Scand J For Res 23:445–457
Kies U, Mrosek T, Schulte A (2009) Spatial analysis of regional industrial clusters in the German forest sector. Int For Rev 11(1):38–51
Kiese M, Schätzl L (eds) (2008) Cluster und Regionalentwicklung. Theorie, Beratung und praktische Umsetzung. Verlag Dorothea Rohn, Dortmund (in German). (Cluster and regional development. Theory, extension and practical implementation)
Klein D, Kies U, Schulte A (2009) Regional employment trends of wood-based industries in Germany’s forest cluster: a comparative shift-share analysis of post-reunification development. Eur J For Res 128(3):205–219
Lafourcade M, Mion G (2007) Concentration, agglomeration and the size of plants. Reg Sci Urban Econ 37(1):46–68
Le Gallo J, Ertur C (2003) Exploratory spatial data analysis of the distribution of regional per capita GDP in Europe, 1980–1995. Pap Reg Sci 82(4):175–201
Litzenberger T (2007) Cluster und die New Economic Geography. Theoretische Konzepte, empirische Tests und Konsequenzen für Regionalpolitik in Deutschland. Volks- und Betriebswirtschaft, vol 3228. Peter Lang, Frankfurt (in German). (Cluster and the new economic geography. Theoretical concepts, empirical tests and consequences for regional policy in Germany)
Longley P, Goodchild M, Maguire D, Rhind D (eds) (2005) Geographical information systems and science, 2nd edn. Wiley, Cambridge
Marcon E, Puech F (2003) Evaluating the geographic concentration of industries using distance-based methods. J Econ Geogr 3(4):409–428
Maurel F, Sédillot B (1999) A measure of the geographic concentration in French manufacturing industries. Reg Sci Urban Econ 29(5):575–604
Ord J, Getis A (1995) Local spatial autocorrelation statistics: distributional issues and an application. Geogr Anal 27(4):286–306
Pace K, Gilley O (1997) Using the spatial configuration of the data to improve estimation. J Real Estate Finance Econ 14(3):333–340
Parr J (2002a) Agglomeration economies: ambiguities and confusions. Environ Plan A 34:717–731
Parr J (2002b) Missing elements in the analysis of agglomeration economies. Int Reg Sci Rev 25(2):151–168
Patacchini E, Rice P (2007) Geography and economic performance: exploratory spatial data analysis for Great Britain. Reg Stud 41(4):489–508
Porter M (2000) Location, competition, and economic development: local clusters in a global economy. Econ Dev Q 14(1):15–34
Reich R, Czaplewski R, Bechthold W (1994) Spatial cross-correlation of undisturbed, natural shortleaf pine stands in northern Georgia. Environ Ecol Stat 1:201–217
Rosenthal S, Strange W (2004) Evidence on the nature and sources of agglomeration economies. In: Henderson J, Thisse J (eds) Handbook of regional and urban economics, vol 4, pp 2119–2171
Rusche K (2008) Quality of life in the regions: an exploratory spatial data analysis for West German labor markets. Rev Reg Sci. doi:10.1007/s10037-009-0042-6
Storper M, Venables J (2003) Buzz: Face-to-face contact and the urban economy. J Econ Geogr 4(4):351–370
Ter Wal A, Boschma R (2009) Co-evolution of firms, industries and networks in space. Regional studies. iFirst. doi:10.1080/00343400802662658
UNECE/FAO – United nations economic commission for Europe and food and agriculture organization (2005) European Forest Sector Outlook Study (EFSOS). Geneva timber and forest study papers, vol 20. Geneva
Wartenberg D (1985) Multivariate spatial correlation: a method for exploratory geographical analysis. Geogr Anal 17(4):263–283
Zhu S, Chen Z, Chen D (2007) Bivariate Moran spatial correlation analysis between zonal farm-land use and rural population distribution. In: Weimin J, Shuhe Z (eds) Geoinformatics 2007: remotely sensed data and information. Proceedings of SPIE, vol 6752
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rusche, K., Kies, U. & Schulte, A. Measuring spatial co-agglomeration patterns by extending ESDA techniques. Jahrb Reg wiss 31, 11–25 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10037-011-0051-0
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10037-011-0051-0