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Soil Carbon Dioxide Flux in Antarctic Dry Valley Ecosystems

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Abstract

The Antarctic dry valleys of southern Victoria Land are extreme desert environments where abiotic factors, such as temperature gradients, parent material, and soil water dynamics, may have a significant influence on soil carbon dioxide (CO2) flux. Previous measurements of soil respiration have demonstrated very low rates of CO2 efflux, barely above detection limits. We employed a modified infrared gas-analyzer system that enabled detection of smaller changes in CO2 concentration in the field than previously possible. We measured diel CO2 fluxes and monitored soil microclimate at three sites in Taylor Valley. Soil CO2 flux ranged from −0.1 to 0.15 μmol m−2 s−1. At two of the three sites, we detected a physically driven flux associated with diel variability in soil temperature. At these sites, CO2 uptake (negative flux) was associated with dropping soil temperatures, whereas CO2 evolution (positive flux) was associated with increases in soil temperature. These observations are corroborated by laboratory experiments that suggest that CO2 flux is influenced by physically driven processes. We discuss four potential mechanisms that may contribute to physically driven gas exchange. Our results suggest there are strong interactions between biological and abiotic controls over soil CO2 flux in terrestrial ecosystems of the Antarctic dry valleys, and that the magnitude of either may dominate depending on the soil environment and biological activity.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dr. Dorota Porazinska, Steve Blecker, and Katie Catapano for assistance in the laboratory. Jon Welles and Tanvir Demetriades-Shah from LiCor provided assistance in programming the LI-6400 and redesigning the soil flux chamber. Richard Markey from the Department of Geosciences, Colorado State University, provided information on the mineralogical composition of our soil samples. Antarctic Support Associates, Raytheon Polar Services, and Petroleum Helicopters Incorporated provided logistical support. This work was supported by National Science Foundation grants OPP 9810219 and OPP 0096250 and is a contribution to the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) Program.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1499, USA

    Andrew N. Parsons & Diana H. Wall

  2. Environmental Studies Program, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755-3577, USA

    J. E. Barrett & Ross A. Virginia

Authors
  1. Andrew N. Parsons
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  2. J. E. Barrett
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  3. Diana H. Wall
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  4. Ross A. Virginia
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Correspondence to Diana H. Wall.

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Parsons, A., Barrett, J., Wall, D. et al. Soil Carbon Dioxide Flux in Antarctic Dry Valley Ecosystems . Ecosystems 7, 286–295 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-003-0132-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-003-0132-1

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