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A new sensor architecture based on carbon Printex 6L to the electrochemical determination of ranitidine

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Abstract

A glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with carbon Printex 6L (Printex6L/GCE) as a novel sensor is proposed. A morphological study was carried out using scanning electron microscopy, and an electrochemical characterization of the proposed electrode was performed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) using [Fe(CN)6]4− as a redox probe. With the incorporation of the carbon Printex 6L film onto the GCE surface, the [Fe(CN)6]4− analytical signal was substantially increased and the difference between the oxidation and reduction potentials (ΔE p) decreased, a characteristic of the electrocatalytic effect. Furthermore, the use of carbon Printex 6L film resulted in an 84 % increase in the oxidation current and a 123 % increase in the reduction current. Faster charge transfer was observed at the proposed electrode/electrolyte interface during CV when compared with GCE. The Printex6L/GCE was tested for ranitidine (RNT) sensing and showed a decrease in the working potential and an increase in the analytical signal, when compared with GCE, again demonstrating an electrocatalytic effect. Under optimized experimental conditions, the developed square-wave adsorptive anodic stripping voltammetry (SWAdASV) method presented an analytical curve that was linear in RNT concentration range from 1.98 × 10−6 to 2.88 × 10−5 mol L−1 with a detection limit of 2.44 × 10−7 mol L−1. The developed Printex6L/GCE was successfully applied to the determination of RNT concentrations in human body fluid samples (urine and serum).

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to the following Brazilian funding agencies, FAPESP (Proc. 2013/16770-0 and 2014/03019-7), CNPq (561071/2010-1), and CAPES, for financial support and scholarships.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil

    Laís P. Silva, Fernando C. Vicentini, Bruna C. Lourencao & Orlando Fatibello-Filho

  2. Center of Nature Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Buri, SP, 18290-000, Brazil

    Fernando C. Vicentini

  3. São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil

    Geiser G. Oliveira & Marcos R. V. Lanza

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  1. Laís P. Silva
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  2. Fernando C. Vicentini
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  4. Geiser G. Oliveira
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  5. Marcos R. V. Lanza
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  6. Orlando Fatibello-Filho
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Correspondence to Fernando C. Vicentini.

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Silva, L.P., Vicentini, F.C., Lourencao, B.C. et al. A new sensor architecture based on carbon Printex 6L to the electrochemical determination of ranitidine. J Solid State Electrochem 20, 2395–2402 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-016-3143-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-016-3143-5

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