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Physical and photoelectrochemical characterizations of Ba2SnO4-δ elaborated by chemical route

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Abstract

Ba2SnO4 is synthesized by nitrate route, and the physical and photoelectrochemical properties are investigated. The oxide crystallizes in the perovskite structure with a quadratic symmetry. UV-visible spectroscopy shows an optical transparency over the visible region with a direct transition of 3.18 eV. The magnetic susceptibility (~2.2 × 10−5 emu cgs mol−1) is in conformity with collective electrons. The thermal variation of the conductivity indicates a conduction mechanism by adiabatic polaron hopping σ = σ o exp (1.5 meV kT−1) with an electron mobility (μ 300K) of 5.43 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1. The sign of hole-like small polarons is that of n-type carriers originating from oxygen off-stochiometry. The thermal variation of the thermo power indicates a finite density of state at the Fermi level. A pronounced dip, associated with a phonon drag contribution, is observed near 30 K. The nonlinear dependence of log σ vs. T −1 is due to the transition to variable range hopping at low temperature. The Mott-Schottky characteristic in KOH medium confirms the n-type conductivity and gives a flat band potential of −0.91 VSCE and electron density of 1.50 × 1018 cm−3. The Nyquist plot shows the contribution of both bulk and grain boundaries whereas the straight line at 45° at low frequencies corresponds to the Warburg diffusion. The data are modeled to an equivalent circuit with a constant phase element (CPE).

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Notes

  1. The Sn–Sn length of β-Sn is calculated from the lattice constants (a = 0.4112 nm and c = 1.3560 nm).

  2. The test with dithiazol is negative; Sn4+ gives with dithiol 3,4 a complex which absorbs at 530 nm (ε = 5800).

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to Dr M. Fedailine for thermal analysis. They are also indebted to Dr B. Bellal for optical measurements. This work was supported by the Faculty of Chemistry (Algiers).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Storage and Valorization of Renewable Energies, Faculty of Chemistry (USTHB), BP 32, 16111, Algiers, Algeria

    S. Omeiri, G. Rekhila, M. Trari & Y. Bessekhouad

  2. Center of Research in Physical and Chemical Analysis CRAPC, BP 248, Algiers, RP, 16004, Algeria

    S. Omeiri

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  1. S. Omeiri
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  2. G. Rekhila
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Correspondence to M. Trari.

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Omeiri, S., Rekhila, G., Trari, M. et al. Physical and photoelectrochemical characterizations of Ba2SnO4-δ elaborated by chemical route. J Solid State Electrochem 19, 1651–1658 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-015-2786-y

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