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Morphometric facial analysis: a methodology to create lateral facial images

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Abstract

Introduction

Currently, the majority of research in facial analysis using computational morphing methods focuses exclusively on analysis of frontal facial projections. Lateral facial morphing analysis has not been extensively investigated, and landmark features critical to specify registry points are unknown. This study aims to (1) determine the quantity of registry points (RP) required to create realistic lateral faces and (2) determine key facial registry point landmarks required to create synthetic lateral faces.

Method

36 synthetic lateral faces with a 50 to 250 RP were created to determine the ideal quantity of RP to create a realistic lateral image; ear, eyebrow, eye, nose, lips, hairline, facial outline, and overall outline were evaluated by an expert panel of seven evaluators using a 1 to 5 point Lickert scale rating system.

Result

ANOVA single-variable analyses revealed significant differences when comparing templates of 200 and 250 RP with 50 and 100 RP templates (p < 0.05). Furthermore, analysis of all key landmark areas of the face indicated significant differences between different registry points except for 200 and 250 registry point markers. Kruskal-Wallis statistical analysis revealed the landmarks varied significantly from 50 to 200 RP,but had no significance with 200 and 250 RP.

Conclusion

The most ideal quantity of RP used for the creation of realistic lateral faces was in the range of 200 RP. Defined lateral facial registry point landmarks generated successful realistic faces.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Cyrus Manuel, Dr. Holli Riter, and Dr. Brian Novy for their evaluations and continual support of the project and ideas.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. UC Irvine Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, 24942 Silverleaf Ln., Laguna Hills, CA, 92653, USA

    Koohyar Karimi

  2. UC Irvine Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center (Radiology), 229 Bayberry Circle, Pacifica, CA, 94044, USA

    Zlatko Devcic

  3. UC Irvine Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Chicago Medical School of Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3723 Oregon Ct., Apt. A, Great Lakes, IL, 60088, USA

    Natalie Popenko

  4. Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 1001 Anderson St, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA

    Udochukwu Oyoyo

  5. UC Irvine Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 101 The City Drive, Bldg 56 Suite # 500, Orange, CA, 92686, USA

    Brian J. F. Wong

Authors
  1. Koohyar Karimi
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  2. Zlatko Devcic
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  3. Natalie Popenko
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  4. Udochukwu Oyoyo
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  5. Brian J. F. Wong
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Correspondence to Koohyar Karimi.

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Karimi, K., Devcic, Z., Popenko, N. et al. Morphometric facial analysis: a methodology to create lateral facial images. Oral Maxillofac Surg 19, 403–410 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10006-015-0512-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10006-015-0512-7

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