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Novel endodontic sealers induce cell cytotoxicity and apoptosis in a dose-dependent behavior and favorable response in mice subcutaneous tissue

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Abstract

Objectives

The objective of the present study is to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo biocompatibility of two novel endodontic sealers: RealSeal XT1 and Sealapex Xpress on the subcutaneous connective tissue of mice.

Materials and methods

The cytotoxicity was assessed by cell viability using the MTT assay (one-way ANOVA), trypan blue test (Mann-Whitney) and cell apoptosis by flow cytometer. For the subcutaneous study, polyethylene tubes filled with the sealers were implanted in 70 BALB/c mice: 6 experimental groups (n = 10/group) and 2 control groups with empty tubes (n = 5/group). At the end of experimental periods (7, 21, and 63 days), the tissue was removed and histotechnically processed. Angioblastic proliferation and edema (Fisher’s exact test) were evaluated, besides thickness measurement (μm) of the reactionary granulomatous tissue and neutrophil counts (Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s post test; Mann-Whitney) (α = 0.05).

Results

MTT assay, trypan blue, and analysis of apoptotic cells showed a dose-dependent direct effect: the more diluted the sealer, the less cytotoxic. Regarding the angioblastic proliferation and edema, difference between the sealers at 7 and 63 days occurred (p < 0.05). Both endodontic sealers initially promoted perimaterial tissue reaction as a foreign body granuloma and thus stimulated favorable tissue responses.

Conclusions

Both sealers showed a dose-dependent effect and promoted satisfactory subcutaneous tissue response; the sealer Sealapex Xpress was less cytotoxic and more biocompatible than RealSeal XT.

Clinical relevance

The step of root canal filling during endodontic treatment is highly important for the preservation of the periapical tissue integrity. Subcutaneous reaction to endodontic sealers enables scientific basis for clinical use.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil

    L. A. B. Silva, L. U. Azevedo, Katharina Morant Holanda de Oliveira & R. A. B. Silva

  2. Department of Oral Pathology, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil

    A. Consolaro

  3. Department of Dental Medicine, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    F. Barnett

  4. Department of Skeletal Biology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA

    Y. Xu

  5. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA

    R. A. Battaglino

  6. Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

    P. S. Cañadas

Authors
  1. L. A. B. Silva
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  2. L. U. Azevedo
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  3. A. Consolaro
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  4. F. Barnett
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  5. Y. Xu
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  6. R. A. Battaglino
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  7. P. S. Cañadas
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  8. Katharina Morant Holanda de Oliveira
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  9. R. A. B. Silva
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Katharina Morant Holanda de Oliveira.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Funding

The work was supported by the São Paulo Research (FAPESP) in Brazil (Grant #2013/21180-7).

Ethical approval

This article does not contain any studies with human participants. The study was approved by the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee from the School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (#2013.1.1403.58.8). All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed.

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For this type of study, formal consent is not required.

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Silva, L.A.B., Azevedo, L.U., Consolaro, A. et al. Novel endodontic sealers induce cell cytotoxicity and apoptosis in a dose-dependent behavior and favorable response in mice subcutaneous tissue. Clin Oral Invest 21, 2851–2861 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-017-2087-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-017-2087-1

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