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Toxicity and efficiency study of plant extracts-based bleaching agents

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Abstract

Objectives

Tooth bleaching is one of the most required dental esthetic treatments. However, it can generate side effects like oral irritation, enamel alteration, tooth sensitivity, especially caused by hydrogen peroxide, the main bleaching component of the commercial products. Therefore, development of new tooth bleaching agents, based on natural products, with comparable esthetic results and lower side effects is needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biological effects and bleaching efficacy of four experimental bleaching agents, derived from fruit juices, against the commercially available Opalescence (Ultradent, USA).

Materials and methods

Organic acid composition of the gels was characterized by HPLC. Bleaching efficiency was tested by spectrophotometry on composite restorative materials. Biological testing was done in vitro, on human fibroblasts. Cells were exposed to dilutions of the bleaching gel-conditioned medium. Viability was measured by MTS, apoptosis by FACS–AnnexinV FITC/Propidium iodide, NF-kB activation by western blot, malondyaldehide, and superoxide dismutase activity by spectrophotometry.

Results

All gels exhibited physical stability and dental bleaching capabilities. Experimental gels induced significantly better viability and apoptosis rates, lower lipid peroxidation, and increased antioxidant defense, compared to Opalescence.

Conclusions

The studied experimental gel formulations exhibited a good safety profile in vitro, as well as bleaching efficiency on restorative composite materials.

Clinical relevance

These data open new possibilities for the use of new natural products in dental bleaching treatments that can insure significant esthetic results and lower side effects.

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Acknowledgments

This work was funded by the Romanian Ministry of Education and Research, National projects PN II-PT-PCCA-2011-165/2012. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Adriana Gabriela Filip.

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All procedures performed in this study were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Baldea, I., Olteanu, D.E., Filip, A.G. et al. Toxicity and efficiency study of plant extracts-based bleaching agents. Clin Oral Invest 21, 1315–1326 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-016-1882-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-016-1882-4

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