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The effect of periodontal scaling and root polishing on serum IL-17E concentrations and the IL-17A:IL-17E ratio

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Abstract

Objectives

The serum IL-17A:IL-17E ratio has previously been demonstrated to be a clinical marker of periodontitis. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of non-surgical periodontal treatment on the serum IL-17A:IL-17E ratio.

Materials and methods

Forty chronic periodontitis patients completed this study and received periodontal treatment comprising scaling and root planing plus ultrasonic debridement. Clinical data were recorded at baseline, 6 weeks (R1) after treatment completion (full-mouth or quadrant-scaling and root planing) and 25 weeks after baseline (R2). Serum samples were taken at each time point and cytokines concentrations determined by ELISA.

Results

Following treatment, statistically significant reductions were noted in clinical parameters. However, IL-17A and IL-17E concentrations were significantly greater than baseline values before- and after-adjusting for smoking. The IL-17A:IL-17E ratio was lower at R1 and R2. Serum IL-6 and TNF levels were significantly lower at R1 only. Also exclusively at R1, serum IL-17A and IL-17E correlated positively with clinical parameters, while the IL-17A:IL-17E ratio correlated negatively with probing pocket depth and clinical attachment.

Conclusion

Increased serum IL-17E and a reduced IL-17A:IL-17E ratio may be indicative and/or a consequence of periodontal therapy. Therefore, the role of IL-17E in periodontal disease progression and the healing process is worthy of further investigation.

Clinical relevance

IL-17E may be a valuable biomarker to monitor the healing process following periodontal treatment as increased IL-17E levels and a reduced IL-17A:IL-17E ratio could reflect clinical improvements post-therapy. Therefore, monitoring serum IL-17E might be useful to identify individuals who require additional periodontal treatment.

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Acknowledgments

We are very grateful to the patients and volunteers who agreed to participate in the associated studies. The project was supported by Funding from Tenovus Scotland (Registered charity number SC009675) Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow, 232–242 St. Vincent Street Glasgow G2 5RJ UK and The Oral and Dental Research Trust Leeds Dental Institute, Clarendon Way Leeds LS2 9 LU UK.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Infection and Immunity Research Group, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow Dental School, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, UK

    C. J. Nile, R. A. Awang, M. P. Riggio & D. F. Lappin

  2. School of Dentistry, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece

    D. A. Apatzidou

  3. School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia

    R. A. Awang

  4. School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    D. F. Kinane

Authors
  1. C. J. Nile
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  2. D. A. Apatzidou
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  3. R. A. Awang
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  4. M. P. Riggio
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  5. D. F. Kinane
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  6. D. F. Lappin
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to D. F. Lappin.

Ethics declarations

This study was performed in studies involving human participants and was reviewed and approved by The Glasgow Dental Hospital and School Ethics Committee and was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles described in the World Medical Association’s Declaration of Helsinki 1964 and its amendments [25, 26].

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Informed consent

Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Funding

The project was supported by Funding from Tenovus Scotland (Registered charity number SC009675) Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow, 232–242 St. Vincent Street Glasgow G2 5RJ UK and The Oral and Dental Research Trust Leeds Dental Institute, Clarendon Way Leeds LS2 9 LU UK.

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Nile, C.J., Apatzidou, D.A., Awang, R.A. et al. The effect of periodontal scaling and root polishing on serum IL-17E concentrations and the IL-17A:IL-17E ratio. Clin Oral Invest 20, 2529–2537 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-016-1749-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-016-1749-8

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