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Comparative assessment of the interfacial soft and hard tissues investing implants and natural teeth in the macaque mandible

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Abstract

Objectives

The aim of this study was to conduct a comparative qualitative and quantitative assessment of the interfacial soft and hard tissues investing implants and natural teeth.

Materials and methods

The test sample consisted of six adult healthy male Macaca fascicularis with three-unit splinted crowns, each crown supported by an Ankylos screw-shaped titanium implant. These implants were placed in the mandibular premolar-second molar region, one side by an immediate-loading (IL) and the other by delayed-loading (DL) protocol. The animals were sacrificed after 3 months of functional loading. Another two monkeys with natural dentition served as controls. Nondecalcified sections were prepared for assessment of optical intensities (OI) under a confocal laser scanning microscope.

Results

In both the test (IL and DL) and control, the soft tissue complexes demonstrated a highly fluorescent keratinized layer and diminished cytoplasmic and enhanced membranous fluorescence in the remaining epithelium. Peri-implant mucosa was further characterized by an intense fluorescence at the junctional epithelium-implant interface and in the stromal mononuclear infiltrate. Connective tissue contact and periodontal ligament were weakly fluorescent. In hard tissues, a high fluorescence was observed in peri-implant woven bone and along the implant-bone interface. Mean OI was significantly higher in peri-implant woven bone than around teeth (P < 0.05). In the remaining soft and hard tissue complexes, no significant differences in mean OI between the test and control were observed (P > 0.05).

Conclusions

Present findings suggest that peri-implant woven bone is highly mineralized, while the peri-implant and gingival mucosa share structural similarities.

Clinical relevance

Optical intensities of interfacial tissues investing implants and teeth are related to their biological properties.

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Acknowledgments

This research was partially supported by Dentsply Friadent GmbH Germany (Vote No. 40-02-03-2002), and the Ministry of Education, Malaysia, Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) FP038-2013A. We gratefully acknowledge the excellent technical assistance of Ms. Lynn Kang and Ms. Joceyn Tai (confocal laser scanning microscopy) and Ms. Khoo Guat Sim (Image-Pro Express microscopy).

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oro-Maxillofacial Surgical and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Chong Huat Siar

  2. School of Dentistry, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan 19/155B Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Chooi Gait Toh

  3. School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, 184 C Sullivan Hall, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8700, USA

    Georgios E Romanos

  4. Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Kok Han Ng

Authors
  1. Chong Huat Siar
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  2. Chooi Gait Toh
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  3. Georgios E Romanos
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  4. Kok Han Ng
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Correspondence to Chong Huat Siar.

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Siar, C.H., Toh, C.G., Romanos, G.E. et al. Comparative assessment of the interfacial soft and hard tissues investing implants and natural teeth in the macaque mandible. Clin Oral Invest 19, 1353–1362 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-014-1362-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-014-1362-7

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